中文摘要：

目的：探讨急性髓细胞白血病（AML）染色体异常核型的分布情况、特点及其与预后的关系。方法：选择2009年1月-2012年12月在本院门诊和住院治疗的AML患者277例，采取新鲜骨髓，采用直接法和短期培养制备标本，以R显带技术进行染色体核型分析。结果：除47例无分裂相共检出异常核型122例，异常率为53．04％。结构异常（75例）以t（15；17）（56例）和t（8；21）（19例）常见，1．78％的M2、90．77％的M3、26．79％的M2和1．85％的M5分别有t（7；11）、t（15；17）、t（8；21）和t（11q23）异常，而100％的t（7；11）、100％的t（15；17）、55．56％的t（8；21）、100％的t（8；15）和66．7％的t（11q23）分别见于M2、M3、M2、M5和M4亚型。数I／1异常（28例）以＋8（12例）为常见，100％的＋22见于M4E0。结构和数目同时异常（19例）以t（8；21）伴性染色体丢失（8例）为最常见，100％为M2。核型异常与临床缓解率高度相关，伴t（15；17）易位组、伴t（8；21）易位组预后佳，正常核型组次之，其它异常核型预后较差，复杂核型预后最差。结论：特定的染色体异常与亚型及预后密切相关，染色体核型分析在急性髓细胞白血病诊断、分型、治疗及预后判断中具有十分重要的地位和作用。

英文摘要：

Objective： To investigate the characteristics of chromosome karyotype abnormality in patients with acute myeloid leukemia （AML）, and discuss the relations between feature of chromosome karyotype and prognosis of AML. Methods： 277 cases of AML admitted in our department from January 2009 to December 2012 were selected, the chromosome preparations were made on fresh bone marrow using direct method and short-term culture. Karyotypes were analyzed by R-banding in all eases. Results： Of 277 cases, except 47 patients with no mitosis, 122 patients had eytogenetic abnormalities. The incidence of eytogenetic abnormality was 53.04%. Structural abnormalities were detected in 75 patients, however, t（15; 17） （56 eases） and t（8;21） （19eases） were the most frequent structu- ral abnormalities. The 1.78% of M2, 90.77% of M3, 26.79% of M2 and 1.85% of M5 had t （7; 11）, t （15; 17）, t（8;21） and t（1 lq23） abnor- malities, however, the 100% oft （7; 11）, 100% oft（15; 17）, 55.56% oft（8;21）, 100% oft（8; 15）, and 66.7% oft（1 lq23） were detected in patients with M2, M3, M2, M5 and M4 subtypes, respectively. 28 patients had numerical abnormality. Trisomy 8 （12 eases） was the most common numerical abnormality, and the 100% of trisomy 22 were M4E0. Both structural and numerical abnormalities were detected in 19 patients, while t（8;21） with sex chromosome loss （8 case） were the most common, and the 100% of it was M2. Cytogenetic abnormali- ties were associated with clinical remission rate. Patients with t（15;17） and t（8;21） had a higher incidence of remission. The normal kary- otype had the intermediate prognosis, other cytogenetic abnormalities were worse, however, the complex abnormalities were the worst. Conclusion： Specific chromosomal abnormalities and subtypes were closely associated with prognosis of AML. And chromosome karyo- type analysis played a very important role in acute myeloid leukemia diagnosis, classification, treatment and prognosis assessmen