中文摘要：

对地钱（Marchantia polymorpha）颈卵器发育和卵发生过程进行了显微观察和细胞化学的研究,颈卵器起始于原始细胞,该细胞呈乳突状,经横分裂产生基细胞和顶细胞,顶细胞经3次纵斜向分裂和1次横分裂产生初生细胞,初生细胞是颈卵器内的第一个细胞,经横分裂产生中央细胞和颈沟母细胞,前者产生1个腹沟细胞和1个卵细胞,后者最终产生4个颈沟细胞。颈卵器的成熟表现为颈部显著伸长和腹部膨大,卵细胞成熟时具有不规则的核,细胞质内含有丰富的囊泡和颗粒物,卵细胞周围充满粘性物质,细胞化学研究表明,该粘性物质为多糖,卵细胞质中深染色的颗粒可能为脂类物质,腹沟细胞自产生后就逐渐退化,颈沟细胞的退化迟于腹沟细胞,其数量通常为4个,偶尔可见5个颈沟细胞或具有双核的现象。

英文摘要：

The development of archegonium and oogenesis of the hepatica Marchantia polymorpha were studied using microscopical and cytochemical techniques.The archegonium developed from an initial cell,which formed an apical cell and a basal cell by a transverse division.The apical cell produced an inner primary cell by three oblique vertical divisions and a transverse division.The primary cell formed a central cell and a neck canal mother cell by a transverse division.The central cell formed an egg and a ventral canal cell and the neck canal mother cell finally produced four neck canal cells.Maturation of the archegonium was accompanied by obvious elongation of the neck and swelling of the venter.As the egg matured,the nucleus became more irregular.Numerous vesicles and deep stained granules occurred in the cytoplasm and abundant mucilaginous materials were present around the egg.Cytochemical investigations indicated that the mucilaginous materials may be polysaccharide and the deep stained granules may be lipid in chemical nature.The ventral canal cell degenerated gradually after it formed.The neck canal cell degenerated later than the ventral canal cell.Four neck canal cells were the common rule,but occasionally five neck canal cells or binucleate neck canal cells were observed.