中文摘要：

胆碱能抗炎通路是近年来发现的神经免疫调节通路，能够控制机体炎症的发生发展。与传统的体液抗炎通路相比，这条抗炎途径以迷走神经、乙酰胆碱及特异性乙酰胆碱受体为基础，在调控炎症方面具有迅速、直接、高效的特点。实验和临床研究表明，刺激迷走神经、应用特定的受体激动剂、摄取某些膳食以及采用针刺疗法能够激活胆碱能抗炎通路。其中，针刺疗法操作简单，方便易行且治疗费用低廉，值得进行推广和应用。文章结合以往相关文献，重点对胆碱能抗炎通路的机制和应用进行综述。

英文摘要：

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is a neural mechanism that suppresses the innate inflammatory response. Compared with the humoral pathway, this neural pathway is based on the vagus nerve, ACh, and a7nAChR, with rapid, direct, and efficient features. Laboratory and clinical studies have demonstrated that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway could be activated by some approaches, such as vagus nerve stimulation, application of specific agonists, intakes of some nutrition, and acupuncture. Acupuncture is a simple, convenient and low-cost therapy. It deserves extensive application. It described the modulation of systemic and local inflammation by the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway and focus on its mechanism and applications.