中文摘要：

稀疏微波成像是将稀疏信号处理理论系统性地引入微波成像并有机结合形成的微波成像新理论、新体制和新方法。该文阐述了稀疏微波成像中稀疏表征与变换域映射、稀疏观测约束、以及非模糊重建等关键科学问题；在此基础上介绍了稀疏微波成像的主要研究进展以及原理样机的机载飞行实验，实验结果表明了稀疏微波成像原理和方法的可行性和有效性；另外，该文还讨论了稀疏微波成像在3维雷达成像、逆合成孔径雷达、探地雷达等领域的应用。

英文摘要：

The sparse microwave imaging combines the sparse signal processing theory with radar imaging to obtain new theory, new system, and new methodology of microwave imaging. In this paper, a brief review of fundamental issues in applying sparse signal processing to radar imaging is provided, including sparse representation, measurement matrix construction, unambiguity reconstruction, and so on. The developments of sparse signal processing in microwave imaging are discussed, and the initial airborne experiments on the prototype Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） framework with sparse constraints are introduced. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the principle and methodology of sparse microwave imaging. Besides, we also provide an overview of sparse signal processing in various radar applications, including Tomographic SAR （TomoSAR）, Inverse SAR （ISAR）, Ground Penetrating Radar （GPR） as well.