中文摘要：

采用SEM对棒络新妇Nephilaclavata腹部向上和向下在水平纱窗上爬行时纺出的拖丝、悦目金蛛Argiopeamoena捕食拖丝与垂直向下缓慢纺出的拖丝及其圆网的铆钉丝进行了超微结构观察，采用电子单纤强力仪对棒络新妇拖丝与悦目金蛛圆网铆钉丝进行了力学拉伸试验。结果表明棒络新妇和悦目金蛛拖丝均呈现出一至多根细丝纤维的多样化超微结构特征，其中悦目金蛛圆网铆钉丝还呈现出“S”形似弹簧的结构。两种蜘蛛丝的力学行为和性能与各自的功能要求相一致。蜘蛛能调节拖丝的超微结构、纤维组成和直径大小以适应其在不同环境条件下对力学性能和功能的瞬时需要。研究结果有助于拓宽和加深人们对蜘蛛丝超微结构、力学性能与生物学功能之间关系的认识和理解。

英文摘要：

The silk fibers left behind by two orb spiders, Argiope amoena and Nephila clavata, which contained the walking thread from N. clarata and predatory., threads and web mooring thread from A. amoena, were observed by a Scanning Electronic＇ Microscope. The results show the silk fibers left behind by the spiders presented a diversity in morphological structures and composition and diameter of the silk fiber, which consists of double, three, and four filaments and dozens of fibrilliform filalaents with a large range diameters. A peculiar ＂s＂ structure similar to spring was found. The tensile behavior of the walking thread of N. chavata and the web mooring thread of A. amoena were analyzed with an YG001A electric single-fiber tensile apparatus. The investigations demonstrate that the spider can produce diverse silk trails with different morphologies and structures correlated with the corresponding mechanical properties and biological functions conforming to the costbenefit principle under different natural environments. It seems that the spider can adjust the composition, microstructure morphologies and fibrils diameter of its silk fibers matching it to the immediate particular requirements of individual. These investigations will expand and improve our understanding of the relationship between the microstructure and mechanical performance of these unique biomaterials.