中文摘要：

N2O排放对全球的气候变化和氮素循环有着重要影响。土壤是N2O最重要的排放源,近年发现土壤在排放N2O的同时存在明显的负排放现象即N2O吸收和消耗现象。通过回顾N2O负排放现象的提出,分析土壤N2O负排放的物理途径、化学途径和生物学途径,认为生物途径是N2O负排放的主导途径,重点讨论了硝化反硝化微生物反应机理和影响反应过程的环境条件,论述了调控生物活性的土壤氧气/水分含量、土壤碳/氮含量、土壤pH值等因子。但由于消耗N2O的生物群落的产生较为复杂,提出了土壤N2O负排放的重点研究方向和方法,为控制土壤温室气体的排放和揭示碳氮循环机制研究提供理论依据。

英文摘要：

Nitrous oxide （N2O） emission plays an important role in global climate change and nitrogen cycle. Soil is the main source of N2O emission and also acts as N2O negative emission, namely N2O absorption and consumption. This paper reviewed soil N/O consumption, and analyzed the physical, chemical and biological pathways of N2O consumption. The biological pathway of N2O consumption was proposed as the dominant path. The microbial mechanisms of the nitrification and denitrification processes and the environmental factors influencing the activity of microorganisms in these processed, such as the ratio of soil oxygen to water, C/N, pH, etc, were emphatically discussed. Due to complicated biological communities generating and consuming N2O, research directions and methods of N2O uptake and consumption are al- so suggested.