中文摘要：

微卫星分子标记已广泛用于普通小麦遗传和进化研究。由于人工合成小麦与小麦品种之间存在高的遗传多样性，人工合成小麦已被大量应用于小麦分子标记工作中。但是，目前还缺乏人工合成小麦的异源六倍化过程对微卫星影响的研究。本研究直接比较了四倍体小麦与节节麦远缘杂交并经染色体加倍获得人工合成小麦前后，位于普通小麦A／B染色体组不同染色体臂上的66个特异引物揭示的微卫星位点的保守性和可转移性。结果表明，除了一个引物在新合成小麦中扩增出供体亲本没有的新带，一个引物在节节麦扩增出的产物在新合成小麦中消失，其他的所有微卫星引物的扩增产物在小麦合成前后是保守的，没有变异发生。所有的引物能够在四倍体小麦中扩增出微卫星产物，四倍体小麦中的扩增产物也出现在新的人工合成小麦中：有70％的引物能够在节节麦扩增出产物，其中的绝大多数产物也出现在新的人工合成小麦中。因此，普通小麦A／B染色体组的这些微卫星引物除了在人工合成小麦的A／B染色体组中扩增出产物，还能在其D染色体组中扩增出产物，也就是说，这些引物对人工合成小麦而言，并非是A／B染色体组特异的。根据该研究结果，讨论了小麦微卫星的可转移性和特异性问题，重点讨论了在应用人工合成小麦构建的遗传群体进行微卫星分子标记中的应用价值及其应该注意的问题。

英文摘要：

Microsatellites or SSRs as powerful genetic markers have widely been used in genetics and evolutionary biology in common wheat. Because of the high polymorphism, newly synthesized hexaploid wheat has been used in the construction of genetic segregation population for SSR markers, However, data on the evolution of microsatellites during the polyploidization event of hexaploid wheat are limited. In this study, 66 pairs of specific to A/B genome SSR patterns among newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, the donor tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii were compared. The results indicated that most SSR markers were conserved during the polyploidization events of newly synthetic hexaploid wheat, from Triticum turgidum and Ae. tauschii. Over 70% A/B genome specific SSR markers could amplify the SSR sequences from the D genome ofAe. tauschii. Most amplified fragments from Ae, tauschii were detected in synthetic hexaploid at corresponding positions with the same sizes and patterns as in its parental Ae. tauschii. This suggested that these SSR markers, specific for A/B genome in common wheat, could amplify SSR products of D genome besides A/B genome in the newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, that is, these SSR primers specific for A/B genome in common wheat were nonspecific for the A/B genome in the synthetic hexaploid wheat. In addition, one amplified Ae. tauschii product was not detected in the newly synthetic hexaploid wheat. An extra-amplified product was found in the newly synthetic hexaploid wheat. These results suggested that caution should be taken when using SSR marker to genotype newly synthetic hexaploid wheat.