中文摘要：

本文通过塔里木河流域自西汉以来的人口变迁、人类活动踪迹分析,以及对阿瓦提县的问卷调查与实证研究,揭示了伴随着流域人口增加、人类活动增强,特别是人类农业生产活动的加剧,使干旱区流域产生了自然绿洲向人工绿洲转变、水资源分配利用失衡、生态环境恶化的外部性影响。

英文摘要：

This article forward,with the population quantity increase and human activity enhance in basin,especially human agriculture producte activity aggravated,lead to the arid area basin external impact of nature oasis changed artificial oasis,water resource distribute and use out-of-balance,and ecological environment deteriorated,by analyse the population transition and human activity trace of Tarim River Basin from the Western Han Dynasty to now,and through the empirical study and questionnaire investigate in Awti County.