中文摘要：

通过径流小区试验,研究了不同坡长条件下人为扰动地表后不同坡位的土壤贮水与入渗特征。结果表明,同一坡位扰动地表条件下,土壤最大吸持贮水量、饱和贮水量随坡长的增加而增加,不同坡长的最大滞留贮水量在上坡位和中坡位的规律是40m〉20m〉60m坡长条件。不同坡长及坡位下土壤最大吸持贮水量、饱和贮水量及最大滞留贮水量差异性显著（P〈0.05）。同一坡长条件下,20m和40m坡长扰动地表后的初始入渗率、稳定入渗率和平均入渗率均大于自然状态下的坡面,60m坡长扰动地表后的土壤入渗特征小于自然状态下的坡面,可以说明60m坡长扰动地表后土壤的入渗性能下降。在自然状态下的较长坡长下,坡位偏低的土壤入渗性能较好。通用经验公式模型对径流小区土壤入渗拟合精度较高,考斯加柯夫（Kostiakov）模型和霍顿（Horton）模型拟合的效果次之,菲利浦（Philip）模型拟合效果较差。通过相关性分析,土壤容重与土壤入渗性能呈极显著相关,说明土壤容重是影响土壤入渗的主要因子。

英文摘要：

Characteristics of soil infiltration and water-holding in different slope length,different slope position and disturbance surface by runoff plot experiments were studied.The results showed that the maximum caging waterholding capacity,the saturation water-holding capacity increased with increasing slope length at the same slope position under surface disturbance.The order of the maximum retention water-holding capacity was 40m20m60m slope lengths at uphill and downhill.Under different slope length and slope position,soil maximum caging water-holding capacity,saturation water-holding capacity and maximum retention water-holding capacity all showed a significant difference（P〈0.05）.Under the same conditions of slope length,20 mand 40 mof surface disturbance slope initial infiltration rate,steady infiltration rate and the average infiltration rate were greater than that of the slope natural state,but in 60 mslope length of surface disturbance soil infiltration characteristics was less than the natural state,which explained that in 60 mslope length disturbance surface soil infiltration capacity decline.Under different conditions of slope length,slope longer length in natural state,the soil infiltration capacity was better in slope position downwards.The effects of general empirical formula model fitting to soil infiltration＇s fitting precision was greater,the effects of Kostiakov model and Horton model fitting was the second,Philip model was poor.By correlation analysis,soil bulk density in this experiment was significantly correlated with soil infiltration capability,indicated soil bulk density in this experiment was the main factor affecting soil infiltration.