中文摘要：

以甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯（TDI）、二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）和二乙醇胺（DEOA）为原料通过偶合单体反应法合成了一系列不同代数的超支化水性聚氨酯（HPU）,通过红外光谱（FTIR）和核磁共振波谱（NMR）对其结构进行了表征,利用配有黏度检测器的凝胶渗透色谱（GPC-DV）测定了各代产品的分子量,采用热重分析仪（TG）和示差扫描量热仪（DSC）对各代HPU及类似化学组成的线性水性聚氨酯（LPU）的热性能进行分析对比,结果表明,合成的各代HPU产率最高可达91%;TG分析表明,各代数HPU与LPU具有相近的初始分解温度（大约在200℃）,但各代HPU与LPU的分解历程明显不同;DSC结果表明,各代HPU产品的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）明显高于LPU,同时随着代数增高（2～5代）,Tg逐步由115.2℃升高到150.3℃;对比各代HPU与LPU掺杂的涂膜发现,随着代数的增加,材料光泽度和硬度明显提高.

英文摘要：

A series of different generation hyperbranched waterborne polyurethanes（HPUs） was synthesized successfully from toluene 2,4-diisocyanate（TDI）,dimethylol propionic acid（DMPA） and diethanol amine（DEOA） via monomer coupling reaction.The strutures of the HPU products were characterized by FTIR and NMR;The molecular weights of the HPUs were measured by GPC with a four-capillary bridge design differential viscometer（GPC-DV）;The thermo properties of the HPUs and the line waterborne polyurethane（LPU）,which have a similar chemical component,were analyzed by thermo gravimetric analyzer（TG） and differential scanning calorimeter（DSC）,respectively.The highest yield of the HPUs was up to 91%.TG results showed that different generation HPUs and LPU had a similar initial degradation temperature at about 200 ℃.But the HPUs and LPU had an obviously different degradation course;DSC results showed that the Tg of HPUs were higher than LPU apparently,and with the increasing of the generation（generation 2 to 5）,the Tg of HPUs rose from 115.2 ℃ to 150.3 ℃.Comparing with the different films,which were prepared by mixing HPUs and LPU,their gloss and hardness were improved significantly with the generation rising of the HPUs.