中文摘要：

精确估计水流与壁面间切应力在泥沙输移和水利工程安全方面具有重要意义。通过选取并整理文献数据,对现今七种主要的水流与壁面间切应力的估计方法在不同雷诺数的条件下进行评价和比较,发现总体上湍流动能外推法和雷诺应力外推法估计壁面切应力的可靠性和精确度最高,平均相对误差分别为3.2%和5.2%。湍流能量法、湍流动能法和雷诺应力法次之,以壁定理的精确度最低,但其所需的数据较容易获取。二阶应力法的精确度取决于阻力系数的取值。其中,壁定理和二阶应力法的估计值偏高而更加安全,湍流动能外推法的估计值较为准确,而其余方法给出的估计值偏低。所得结果对不同条件下水流与壁面间切应力估计方法的选择以及直接测量仪器的校准有一定的参考价值。

英文摘要：

Accurate estimation on the shear stress between water flow and wall-surface has an important significance in the aspects of sediment transport and safety of water works. Seven main methods for estimating the shear stress between water flow and wall-surface adopted at present are evaluated and compared herein under various conditions of Reynolds numbers by selecting and processing the data from the relevant literatures; from which it is found out that so far as the reliability and accuracy are concerned,the extrapolated turbulent kinetic energy method and the extrapolated Reynolds stress method are highest for estimating the shear stress on wall-surface with the mean relative errors of 3. 2% and 5. 2% respectively; and then the turbulent kinetic energy method,TK method and Reynolds stress method take second place; furthermore,the accuracy of method of the law of wall is lowest,of which the necessary data are prone to be obtained yet. The accuracy of the quadratic stress method depends on the value of resistance coefficient. In which,the estimated values from both the methods of the law of wall and the quadratic stress method are slightly higher,but are more safe,while the estimated value from the extrapolated turbulent kinetic energy method is more accurate,whereas,the estimated values from the other methods are little bit too lower. The study result has a certain reference value for selecting the method for estimating the shear stress between water flow and wall surface as well as for calibrating the direct measurement device under various conditions.