中文摘要：

财政危机极易转化为全面社会危机，危害巨大。基于财政危机的起源、传导及社会效应的理论分析．回顾近代中国晚清、北洋、南京政府的财政危机。以史为鉴，总结教训，结合当前财政形势，预防和治理财政危机，要做到明确税收中性原则，税制改革以减税富民为导向；促进税收负担合理化，寻求财政赤字弥补形式多样化；合理划分中央与地方财权，警惕地方政府债务风险：拓宽刚性支出资金来源，逐步优化财政支出结构；构建和谐稳定发展环境，财政政策适时“转型”。

英文摘要：

The government＇s financial crisis can easily be transformed into a comprehensive social crisis which does tremendous harm. Based on the theory analysis of the origin, conduction, and social effects of financial crisis, the paper reviews the financial crisis of the Late Qing Dynasty, the Northern Warlords Government and the Nanking National Government. We should take history as a mirror, summarize the lessons, and take the current financial situation into consideration. To prevent and control the financial crisis, we should （1） adopt tax neutrality principle and a tax reform aimed for tax reduction and enriching the people; （2） promote the rationalization of the tax burden, and seek the diversification of remedy measures of budget deficit; （3） divide property rights of the central and local government reasonably, and be vigilant against the risk of local government debt; （4） broaden the funding sources of rigid expenditure, and optimize the financial expenditure structure gradually and （5） build a harmonious and stable development environment, and take fiscal policy transition in due time.