中文摘要：

基于传感器的选型对气压爆波的测试结果有较大影响，利用实验结果研究不同速度级下气压爆波的时频特征。利用高阶谱差分的CAA数值仿真技术研究气压爆波的远近场特性变化规律。在此基础上，对比分析采用3种不同传感器测试结果的合理性和准确性，给出不同情况下传感器的选型规律。研究结果表明：气压爆波能量主要分布在次声波区域；隧道口外气动噪声源分布在2倍管口直径范围内；气压爆波在制定行业标准时需要综合考虑气压爆波幅值和频谱特性。

英文摘要：

The measurement results of micro-pressure wave can be easily changed when different types of pressure sensor used in scaled model and real train tunnel experiments. The time-frequency characteristics of micro-pressure wave were presented at different train speeds by using the experiments data. The CAA model with high-order spectral difference method was used to predict the wave radiation from tunnel portal. On this basis, the measurement results of micro-pressure wave by using three different types of sensors are checked and discussed which are useful for the sensor selection. The results show that micro-pressure wave energy is mainly distributed in the region of the infrasonic wave. The tunnel outlet aerodynamics noise source is mainly distributed within the scope of 2 times the pipe diameter. The amplitude and the frequency spectrum characteristics wave should be considered in formulating the micro-pressure wave industry standard.