中文摘要：

目的观察碘缺乏和碘过量时哺乳期母鼠及其仔鼠甲状腺形态变化。方法选择Wistar大鼠120只（雄性30只，雌性90只），将雌鼠按体质量随机分为5组：低碘1组、低碘2组、高碘1组、高碘2组、对照组，每组18只。低碘1组和低碘2组大鼠食用病区粮食配制的低碘饲料，分别饮用含碘0、5ug／L的去离子水；高碘1组、高碘2组和对照组大鼠食用普通饲料，分别饮用含碘3000、10000、50ug／L的去离子水。饲养3个月后，将雌鼠与雄鼠按3：1合笼交配，在生育的第10天时，每组处死8只母鼠及其仔鼠。称量甲状腺质量，肉眼观察其外观表现，在光镜下观察甲状腺病理学改变。结果①低碘1组和低碘2组母鼠甲状腺绝对质量[（92．02±24．40）、（77．11±23．32）mg]和相对质量[（0．509±0．072）、（0．384±0．089）mg／kg]明显高于对照组[（17．41±9．25）mg，（0．102±0．016）mg／kg，P均〈0．05]；而高碘1组和高碘2组母鼠甲状腺绝对质量[（8．22±0．41）、（9．42±0．43）mg]和相对质量[（0．047±0．006）、（0．035±0．005）mg／kg]明显低于对照组（P均〈0．05）；随着碘摄入的增多，母鼠甲状腺绝对质量和相对质量有逐渐减小的趋势。②肉眼观察：与对照组比较，低碘1组和低碘2组母鼠甲状腺明显肿大，高碘1组和高碘2组未见明显肿大。③光镜观察：与对照组比较，低碘1组和低碘2组母鼠及其仔鼠甲状腺上皮细胞增生，滤泡腔变小，高碘1组和高碘2组上皮细胞变形，多为扁平。结论母鼠与其仔鼠甲状腺组织随机体碘摄入水平的不同而发生形态学变化，且母鼠与仔鼠的变化相一致。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the morphological and functional changes of thyroid in lactating rats and their offspring in iodine deficiency and iodine excess animal models. Methods One hundred and twenty Wistar rats （30 males and 90 females） were selected. Based on their body weight, the 90 females were stratified and randomly divided into five groups（18 in each group）： low iodine group 1 and group 2（fed with low iodine feed and deionized water containing iodine of 0, 5 p,g/L） ; high iodine group 1, group 2 and control group（feed with normal diet and deionized water containing iodine of 3000, 10 000, 50 ug/L）. After fed for 3 month, all female rats were mated with males in a ratio of 3 ： 1. After birth for 10 days, 8 female rats and their offspring in each group were sacrificed. Changes of thyroid were observed by naked eyes. The thyroid weight was measured and pathological changes of thyroids were observed under light microscope. Results （1）Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats thyroid in low iodine group 1 and group 2[（92.02 ± 24.40）, （77.11 ± 23.32）mg, （0.509 ± 0.072）, （0.384 ± 0.089） mg/kg] were much higher than that of control group [ （17.41 ± 9.25）mg, （0.102 ± 0.016）mg/kg, all P 〈 0.05 ]. Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats thyroid in high iodine group 1 and group 2[（8.22 ± 0.41）, （9.42 ± 0.43）mg, （0.047 ± 0.006）, （0.035 ± 0.005）mg/kg] were lower than that of control group（all P 〈 0.05）. Absolute and relative weight of lactating rats and their offspring thyroid was decreased with increase of iodide intake in the diet. （2）Thyroid enlargement of lactating rats in low iodine group 1 and group 2 was evident, but that of high iodine group 1 and group 2 was not. （3）Epithelial cell hyperplasia and smaller follicular cavity were observed in low iodine group 1 and group 2 under light microscope. Epithelial cell deformation and mostly flat were observed in high iodine group 1 and group 2. Conclusions Thyroid morphology