中文摘要：

变电站内发生短路接地故障时，短路电流进入地网后会引发一系列的安全问题。由于电力系统内储能元件的作用，短路电流在故障初期存在暂态峰值较高的暂态振荡过程，会对站内人身和设备的安全带来更大的威胁。为此，对某变电站内的人工单相短路接地故障的短路电流进行了现场实测，并与模拟计算结果进行了对比。实测和计算均表明，短路电流初期存在暂态过程，暂态峰值较高且会持续一段时间。模拟计算可以用来分析变电站短路电流的暂态特性，为工程实际提供参考。基于该计算方法，分析了短路电流暂态过程的主要影响因素及其规律。研究结果表明，当短路相角接近90°或者270°、变电站接地电阻较小以及出线数量较少时，短路电流的暂态过程较为剧烈，衰减系数较大。

英文摘要：

When a ground fault occurs in a substation, the short-circuit current entering the grounding grid will cause a series of problems. Due to the energy storage elements in power system, a transient process at the beginning of fault cur- rent will have a high peak and may cause a bigger threaten to the safety of human beings and equipment in substation. Therefore, we measured the fault current of an artificial single-phase ground fault in a substation, and compared the resuits with simulation. Both the measurement and simulation verify that a transient process exists at the beginning of the fault current, has a high peak, and lasts for a certain time. The simulation can be used to analyze the transient characteristics of the fault current in substation, and provides useful results for engineering practice. Moreover, according to our calculation, we analyzed some main influential factors and rules for transient process of the short-circuit current. The results reveal that the transient process is more serious and has a bigger attenuation coefficient when the short-circuit phase is near 90° or 270°, the grounding resistance of the substation is small, or there are only a few incoming lines.