中文摘要：

目的探讨恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的特点,为其医院感染预防和控制提供参考依据。方法选取2010年10月-2013年10月医院收治的恶性肿瘤患者3 425例,对其临床资料进行回顾性分析,数据统计应用SPSS19.0软件进行分析。结果 3 425例恶性肿瘤患者中245例并发医院感染,感染率为7.15%;感染部位以呼吸道感染为主,共153例占62.45%,其次为胃肠道和手术部位感染,分别占9.38%和7.35%;感染病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌占首位,共101株占48.56%,其中以大肠埃希菌为主27株占12.98%,其次为铜绿假单胞菌22株占10.57%;革兰阳性球菌38株占18.27%,其中以金黄色葡萄球菌为主16株占7.69%,其次为表皮葡萄球菌12株占5.77%;真菌69株占33.17%,以白色假丝酵母菌为主32株占15.38%;恶性肿瘤患者医院感染危险因素包括年龄、抗肿瘤治疗、侵入性操作等。结论恶性肿瘤患者医院感染率较高,应加强易感因素的控制,合理应用抗菌药物,并加强医院感染管理,从而避免或减少恶性肿瘤患者医院感染的发生。

英文摘要：

OBJECTIVE To explore the characteristics of the malignant tumor patients with nosocomial infections so as to provide guidance for control of the nosocomial infections.METHODS A total of 3 425patients with malignant tumor who were treated in the hospital from Oct 2010to Oct 2013were recruited in the study,then the clinical data of the subjects were retrospectively analyzed,and the statistical analysis was performed with the use of SPSS19.0software.RESULTS Of the 3 425patients with malignant tumor,the nosocomial infections occurred in 245cases with the infection rate of 7.15%,among whom the patients with respiratory tract infections accounted for62.45%（153cases）,the patients with gastrointestinal tract infections 9.38%,the patients with surgical sites infections 7.35%.Totally 101（48.56%）strains of gram-negative bacilli have been isolated,ranking the first place,among which the Escherichia coli was the predominant species（27strains,12.98%）,followed by the Pseudomonas aeruginosa（22strains,10.57%）.There were 38（18.27%）strains of gram-positive bacilli,among which the Staphylococcus aureus was dominant（16strains,7.69%）,followed by the Staphylococcus epidermidis（12strains,5.77%）.There were 69（33.17%）strains of fungi,among which the Candida albicans was the predominant species（32strains,15.38%）.The risk factors for the nosocomial infections in the malignant tumor patients included the age,anti-tumor therapy,and invasive operation.CONCLUSIONThe incidence of nosocomial infections is high in the patients with malignant tumor.It is necessary to strengthen the control of the risk factors,reasonably use antibiotics,and intensify the control of nosocomial infections so as to reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in the patients with malignant tumor.