中文摘要：

主要基于LandsatTM／ETM＋影像等数据，分析1990．2010年来天山地区冰湖变化特征及其对冰川融水径流的影响。近20年来，天山冰湖面积平均以O．689km2a^-1或0．8％a^-1的速度扩张，其中一半以上是由东天山（O．352km2a^-1）贡献的，其次为北天山，面积年均增率为O．165km^2a^-1，西天山和中央天山的面积年均增率最小，分别为0．089km2a^-1和0．083km2a^-1。除在相对较低海拔（〈2900m）和高海拔（〉4100m）范围内冰湖面积出现减少的现象，其他各高度带的冰湖面积均在扩张，其中增率最快的在3500—3900m之间，平均增速达1．6％a^-1。冰湖扩张是本区气候变暖和冰川普遍退缩共同作用的结果，以中小规模的冰湖（〈0．6km2）对冰川退缩响应最为敏感。冰湖扩张能在一定程度上延缓因气候变暖而导致的区域冰川水资源的亏损，每年大约有O．006Gt的冰川融水滞留在冰湖中，约占天山冰川年消融量的2‰，但也将加剧本区冰湖溃决洪水／泥石流灾害的频次和强度。

英文摘要：

The variations and impacts of glacial lakes on glacier melting runoff in the Tianshan Mountains from 1990 to 2010 were assessed on the basis of Landsat TM/ETM images. In the 20 years, glacial lakes in the Tianshan Mountains expanded at a rate of 0.689 km2 a^-1 or 0.8% a^-1 The glacial lakes in the eastern Tianshan Mountains contributed over half of area expansion at a rate of 0.352 km2 a1, followed by northern Tianshan Mountains （0.165 km2 al）, with rates of 0.089 km2 a^-1 and 0.083 km2 a^-1 in western and central Tianshan respectively. The lake area increased in most of 100-elevation bands except altitudes of 〈2900 m and 〉4100 m. The fastest growth bands were observed between 3500 m and 3900 m with an average rate of 1.6% a^-1. Both regional wanning and wide glacier wastage led to glacial lake expansion, while small and medium-sized （〈0.6 km2） lakes were most sensitive to glacier retreat. To some degree, evident glacial lake expansion can slow down regional glacier melting water losses due to climate warming and -0.006 Gt glacier melting water （or -2‰ of total glacier melting water） was held in glacial lakes each year in the Tianshan Mountains from 1990 to 2010; however, it may simultaneously increase frequency and damages of the glacial lake outburst floods （GLOFs） or debris flows in this region.