中文摘要：

利用粪便形态指标鉴定有蹄类动物的性别和年龄对研究不同性别年龄个体的生态学和性别分离具有重要价值。利用2006年3月在海南大田国家级自然保护区采集的145头（次）已知性别和年龄组的野生海南坡鹿（Cervus eldi hainanus）粪便4006粒，将坡鹿划分为成年雄鹿、成年雌鹿、亚成年雄鹿、亚成年雌鹿和幼鹿5个性别年龄组，使用逐步判别分析和聚类分析对粪粒的4项直接测度指标（干重、体积、长轴长、短轴长）以及2项间接测度指标（长短轴比和椭球形状指数）进行分析。结果表明：逐步判别分析对海南坡鹿粪粒的性别年龄组正判率为成年雄鹿76．17％、成年雌鹿42．22％、亚成年雄鹿34．94％、亚成年雌鹿40．46％、幼鹿79．34％，聚类分析的判别率为成年雄鹿19．48％、成年雌鹿20．02％、亚成年雄鹿37．37％、亚成年雌鹿42．82％、幼鹿91．50％。利用粪粒形态判别海南坡鹿的性别年龄组最可靠的是幼鹿，次之为成年雄鹿。利用粪粒形态判别海南坡鹿的性别年龄组可以应用于以取样原理进行的群体水平研究，但个体水平上的性别和年龄鉴定由于判别误差较大而难以应用。

英文摘要：

Using morphometry of ungulate pellets to determine sex and age is the preferred method in field studies on ecological differences between two sexes, especially sexual segregation of ungulates. This study examined the morphometry of 4,006 pellets from ≤145 Eld＇s Deer （Cervus eldi hainanus） collected in Hainan Datian National Nature Reserve in March 2006. The deer were divided into five sex-age categories as adult male, adult female, sub-adult male, sub-adult female, and calf. They were analyzed using four direct measurement indices （dry weight, length, width, and volume） and two indirect indices （length-to-width ratio, and ellipsoid-shape index） by use of step-wise discriminant and fuzzy cluster analyses. Discriminant analysis could correctly distinguish 76.17% of adult males, 42.22% of adult females, 34.94% of sub-adult males, 40.46% of sub-adult females, and 79.34% of calves. Fuzzy clustering analysis enabled to correctly distinguish 19.48% of adult males, 20.02% of adult females, 37.37% of sub-adult males, 42.82% of sub-adult females, and 91.50% of calves. Therefore, it is more credible to determine calves and secondarily adult males by use of pellet morphometry. We advise that pellet morphometry should be used for determining sex and age categories in surveys at the population level rather than at the individual level.