中文摘要：

然而，物理土壤外壳几乎多半没在渗入和土壤侵蚀上有重要效果在外壳的效果是否在一个降雨事件期间变化上被知道。进一步，有在不同土壤类型的 crusting 效果之中的差别的讨论的缺乏。这研究的目的如下：在中国用三典型土壤在渗入，流量，和骚动侵蚀上学习土壤外壳的效果的(i)，( ii )玷污在三的水文学和侵蚀上区分不同效果并且为这些差别讨论主要原因，并且( iii )砍在真实土壤理解变化三的力量在降雨事件期间并且算术地玷污在土壤侵蚀上为外壳的效果建模。这研究证明土壤外壳由 5 ～ 15 min 推迟了渗入的发作并且在降雨事件期间在 42.9 ～ 53.4% 减少了渗入的全部的数量。为紫色土壤和黄土土壤，分别地，起始的外壳增加了流量 2.8% 和 3.4% 并且分别地在 3.1% 和 8.9% 减少了骚动侵蚀。为黑土壤，土壤外壳增加了流量 42.9% 并且出人意料地增加了骚动侵蚀 95.2% 。一般来说，紫色和黄土土壤上的外壳的效果类似、可以忽略，但是效果为黑土壤是重要的。土壤砍力量在降雨事件期间动态地并且逐渐地减少了，并且 crusted 土壤的价值比 incrusted 土壤的那些高，特别在降雨的早阶段期间。数学模型被开发如下为三土壤在骚动侵蚀上描述土壤外壳的效果：紫色土壤， F _c = 0.002t − 0.384；黑土壤， F _c = 0.002t + 3.060；并且黄土土壤， F _c = 0.233 1nt − 1.239。与方程 R _c = F _c · （ R _uc − 1 ) ， crusted 土壤的骚动侵蚀能随着时间的过去被预言。

英文摘要：

Physical soil crusts likely have significant effects on infiltration and soil erosion, however, little is known on whether the effects of the crusts change during a rainfall event. Further, there is a lack of discussions on the differences among the crusting effects of different soil types. The objectives of this study are as follows： （i） to study the effects of soil crusts on infiltration, runoff, and splash erosion using three typical soils in China, （ii） to distinguish the different effects on hydrology and erosion of the three soils and discuss the primary reasons for these differences, and （iii） to understand the variations in real soil shear strength of the three soils during rainfall events and mathematically model the effects of the crusts on soil erosion. This study showed that the soil crusts delayed the onset of infiltration by 5 to 15 min and reduced the total amount of infiltration by 42.9 to 53.4% during rainfall events. For a purple soil and a loess soil, the initial crust increased the runoff by 2.8% and 3.4%, respectively, and reduced the splash erosion by 3.1% and 8.9%, respectively. For a black soil, the soil crust increased the runoff by 42.9% and unexpectedly increased the splash erosion by 95.2%. In general, the effects of crusts on the purple and loess soils were similar and negligible, but the effects were significant for the black soil. The soil shear strength decreased dynamically and gradually during the rainfall events, and the values of crusted soils were higher than those of incrusted soils, especially during the early stage of the rainfall. Mathematical models were developed to describe the effects of soil crusts on the splash erosion for the three soils as follows： purple soil, Fc= 0.002t- 0.384 ; black soil, Fc. =-0.022t ＋ 3.060 ; and loess soil, Fc = 0.233 In t- 1.239 . Combined with the equation Rc= Fc （Ruc - 1）, the splash erosion of the crusted soil can be predicted over time.