中文摘要：

产电和污染物降解是微生物燃料电池（Microbial Fuel Cells，MFCs）的两个基本功能，也是MFCs作为一种新型的环境治理和能源技术最具吸引力的优势。大量的研究已表明：相对于一般厌氧生物降解技术，MFCs具有更高效的废弃物、废水或污染物降解的能力。解析MFCs强化污染物降解的机理对于进一步优化MFCs的性能具有重要的指导意义，也可以为MFCs在实际环境中的原位应用提供理论支持。本文在综述MFCs强化污染物降解研究报道的基础上，从MFCs中微生物群落的代谢模式、生物膜的活性以及MFCs对局部氧化还原环境的影响等方面为MFCs强化污染物降解的功能提供可能的理论依据，并对MFCs在污染物降解方面的几个可能的发展方向进行展望，为不同学科背景的相关研究者提供参考。

英文摘要：

Current generation and contaminant degradation are two basic functions, as well as two most attractive advantages for microbial fuel cells （MFCs）. It has been extensively documented that MFCs have more efficient contaminant-degrading capacities relative to traditional anaerobic biodigestion reactors. The mechanisms underlying the higher degrading capacity of MFCs are important for optimizing the performances of MFCs, as well as for the in-situ applications of MFCs. This paper reviewed the recent studies that comparatively assessed the degrading-capacities in MFCs and other anaerobic digestion reactors. Potential mechanisms of the higher degrading capacity in MFCs, including the microbial metabolic pathways, biofilm viability and redox-impacts of anode on the ambient environment, were analyzed and suggested for improving the performances of MFCs for contaminant degradation.