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中文摘要：
热电转换技术主要包括利用半导体材料的泽贝克（Seebeck）效应将热能直接转化成电能和利用佩尔捷（Peltier）效应直接将电能转化成热能.文章简单回顾了热电转换材料中的物理效应及相关研究进展,重点介绍了常规热电材料（即窄带半导体）中的一些基本物理问题,其中包括一个好的热电材料应该具有的特性,以及提高半导体材料的电导率和泽贝克系数,降低热导率的物理机制和方法.文章还介绍了近年来电子晶体-声子玻璃类材料以及低维热电材料等热点问题的研究进展.最后还简单讨论了非常规热电材料的研究现状与趋势.
英文摘要：
Thermoelectric technology offers the possibility of reliable methods for converting waste heat into useful electricity using the Seebeck effect,and for accurate cooling using the Peltier effect.This paper focuses on the fundamental physics and recent development of traditional thermoelectric materials,i.e.narrow band-gap semiconductors,including the criterion for a good thermoelectric material,the physical mechanisms and methods for improving the Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity,and the approaches for reducing thermal conductivity.The physics in the development of phonon-glass-electron-crystal materials and low-dimension thermoelectric materials,recent hot topics in the study of thermoelectric compounds,will also be discussed.Finally,a brief introduction to recent advances in non-traditional thermoelectric materials research will be given.
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