中文摘要：

糖尿病是危害人类健康的重大疾病之一,并呈高发态势。胰岛β细胞功能衰竭和胰岛素抵抗是糖尿病的主要病因,至今尚无根治良策。随着干细胞与再生医学技术的发展,利用干细胞的多向分化特性,诱导其分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,从而具备修复、替代受损胰腺组织的功能,这为糖尿病的彻底治愈带来了希望。现对近年来干细胞向胰岛素分泌细胞定向分化的研究及临床应用的最新研究进展进行综述,为干细胞移植治疗糖尿病的临床应用研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Diabetes mellitus is now a major disease that seriously endangers human health worldwide,and presents a high prevalence. Both the function failure of pancreatic β cells and insulin resistance are recognized as the primary mechanisms in the development of diabetes. Currently,there is no good strategy for cure. In recent years,considerable progress has been achieved in the fields of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Stem cells with characteristic of multi-directional differentiation have been found to differentiate into insulin producing cells under a specific condition. It suggests that stem cells have the potential to restore and/or replace the lost cells in pancreatic tissue damaged,which bring hope of a cure for diabetics. The article precisely reviews the recent advances on differentiation of stem cells and its clinical application to provide support for the further clinical application of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of diabetes.