中文摘要：

与其它荧光纳米粒子相比，荧光碳纳米颗粒不仅具有良好生物相容性和易于表面功能化等优点，还具有发光稳定并可实现上转换荧光发射的特性，所以在生物医药领域具有重要的应用价值。结合近年来的最新研究成果，本文综述了金刚石、石墨和非晶等不同结构的荧光碳纳米颗粒的制备方法及其局限性；分析了不同结构碳纳米颗粒的荧光发射特性和在生物技术中应用的优缺点；阐述了荧光碳纳米颗粒在今后研究中需要解决的问题和发展方向。

英文摘要：

Comparing with other fluorescent nanoparticles （NPs）, fluorescent carbon NPs hold not only momentous properties such as good biocompatibility and facile surface functionalizability, but also excellent photostability and up-converting optical property. Therefore, fluorescent carbon NPs have a high potential application in life science and nanomedicine. To summarize the important results of recent studies, this review shows the synthetic methods and its corresponding limitations of fluorescent carbon NPs with different structures including diamond, graphite and non-crystalline, evaluates the fluorescent properties of carbon NPs with different structures, and their merit and challenge in biotechnology application. The important question to research and development directions for fluorescent carbon NPs in the future are described.