中文摘要：

本文从热力学、物理学、物质结构和高压高温相变的角度对板块俯冲—折返假说的物理基础进行了分析讨论。在实际不均匀固体地球高压高温热力学体系中,地表柯石英超高压变质的非平衡态形成模式比平衡态形成模式有更大的普遍性、多样性;＂静态流体地球＂模型和静岩压力与深度换算公式,对其中的非平衡态体系,和地表中可能存在的局域准静水压平衡态体系,都不适用。把压力直接换算成地球深度,断言地表矿物柯石英就是产生于上地幔的稳定相的结论,以及回避俯冲原动力,把地表柯石英和金刚石超高压变质物的存在与深俯冲之间划上恒等号,缺乏科学根据。实际不均匀固体地球是一个天然的高压高温体系,为了保存高压高温相柯石英,岩石圈内板块折返冷却速率应与实验室中所进行的保压淬火临界速率具有可比性。从实验室的高压高温相变规律看,如此极端缓慢的板块折返抬升冷却速率很难保持住柯石英。有关影响折返过程保存柯石英的四个重要因素还存在很多矛盾问题。物质中原子扩散和化学反应时间通常落在μs~m s范围,而建立平衡时间在m in~102h之间。在由超高压变质岩的同位素定年法和扩散动力学冷却速率法所得构造变质过程的时间内,己有极其充足的时间在几十千米的有限尺度中,进行扩散反应、产物变质,乃至于建立同位素平衡。由于波速异常成因存在的多解性,板块俯冲—折返通道（轨迹）,不应仅由地震层析波速异常图来确定。板块俯冲与折返运动的变化应遵循能量和质量守恒定律,在P—T—t轨迹（通道）中应留下数量较多的俯冲—折返过程陆壳岩石、地幔物质的一次相变或二次相变等产物。回顾板块俯冲—折返假说本身的发展过程,最关键的一步,是忽视了固体地球物质的成分、应力等局部不均匀性所造成的局部高压微区和?

英文摘要：

In the present paper,the physical foundation of the hypothesis of plate subduction—exhumation in the Earth has been analyzed and discussed in the light of thermodynamics,physics,matter-structure and high-temperature high-pressure phase-transformation.For the non-equilibrium high-temperature high-pressure system of the heterogeneous solid Earth,the non-equilibrium state formation modes for the ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism of coesite in the Earth＇s crust are more greater universality and diversity than the equilibrium state formation mode which should not be assumed to be the only one.The mode of static fluid Earth and conversion formula of litho-static pressure into depth are valid no longer for the real heterogeneous solid Earth including not only the non-equilibrium state,but also the equilibrium state existing possibly in some localized regions with stable hydrostatic,quasi-hydrostatic pressure in the Earth＇s crust.Chopin（1984） has favoured the idea that coesite grew under nearly static（hydrostatic） pressure condition which belonged an equilibrium thermodynamics growth mode,he has opened a coesite ultrahigh pressure metamorphic study of its kind.However,it is lacking in scientific evidence that the subsequent use of conversion formula of litho-static pressure into depth,made the formation pressure ≥2.8GPa of natural coesite translate into 100km directly;and further asserted that the obtained coesite in the Earth＇s crust is a stable phase produced from the Earth＇s mantle.For the actual inhomogeneity solid earth,the driving force of plate deep subduction already was not the issue of overcoming fluid buoyancy which is driving low-density continental crust rocks to insert into high-density crust—mantle rock,but should resolve the problem of low-density continental crust rocks to penetrate into solid crust—mantle rock with high-density.It is necessary to have a giant,abnormal,and rare driving force for that.From the point of view of physics,it is very hard to subduct solid continental crus