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烤烟叶片衰老期氨气挥发特征及其生理调控研究

ISSN号：1000-4025
期刊名称：《西北植物学报》
时间：0
分类：Q945.174[生物学—植物学]
作者机构：[1]河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州450002
相关基金：中国烟草总公司特色优质烟叶开发重大专项（Ts-01-2011003）；中国烟草总公司项目（110201602008）

关键词：烤烟, 氨气挥发, 氨气补偿点, 质外体, 谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)抑制剂, flue-cured tobacco, ammonia volatilization, NH3 compensation point, apoplast, GS inhibitor

中文摘要：

以烤烟品种K326为试验材料，利用氨气收集装置测定烟叶的氨气挥发量，并利用谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）抑制剂（Glufosinate）处理叶片和质外体提取等方法，研究了叶片氨气挥发及其与氮代谢相关生理指标的关系。结果表明：（1）随着叶片的衰老，氨气挥发量在叶龄70 d时最大（10.96 μg·m-2·h-1），与衰老初期（叶龄40 d）相比增加了2.15倍；质外体NH4＋浓度和pH、氨气补偿点逐渐上升，GS和硝酸还原酶（NR）活性下降，谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性升高，可溶性蛋白和总氮降解，叶片NH4＋浓度升高。（2）GS抑制剂处理后，叶片组织NH4＋浓度和氨气补偿点升高，氨气挥发量增大，与对照相比差异显著。（3）氨气挥发量与质外体NH4＋浓度、质外体pH和氨气补偿点呈极显著或显著正相关，与GS活性呈显著负相关，与GDH活性呈显著正相关，与叶片组织NH4＋浓度等其他指标相关性不显著。研究认为，烤烟叶片衰老期间氨挥发量大幅上升，挥发量的大小受气孔氨气补偿点、GS和GDH活性的直接调控，以及其他氮素代谢相关指标的间接调控，其中GS起主导作用。

英文摘要：

With K326 varieties in flue-cured tobacco as the test materials,ammonia collection device and glutamine synthetase （GS） inhibitor （Glufosinate） handling leaves and the apoplast extraction method to study the relationships between ammonia volatilization and physiological parameters related with nitrogen metabolism.The results show that：（1）GS plays a leading role as the leaf senescence,the amount of ammonia volatilization in the age of 70 d is the largest （10.96 μg·m-2·h-1）,increased of 2.15 times compared to that of aging initial （age 40 d）;Apoplastic NH4＋ concentration and pH,ammonia compensation point gradually increased;GS and nitrate reductase （NR） activities decreased,glutamate dehydrogenase （GDH） activity increased;soluble protein and total nitrogen degradation,leaf NH4＋ concentration increased.（2） With GS inhibitor,leaf tissue concentrations of NH4＋ and ammonia compensation point increased,the amount of ammonia volatilization was increased significantly,compared with the control.（3）The amount of ammonia volatilization and apoplastic NH4＋ concentration,apoplastic pH and ammonia compensation point were significant or extremely significant and positively correlated;And the activity of GS was negative significantly correlated;And GDH activity was positively correlated with the concentration of NH4＋;and blade organization NH4＋ concentration and other index is not significantly related.In summary,flue-cured tobacco leaves during senescence of ammonia volatilization volume increased significantly.It is regulated directly with ammonia compensation point,GS and GDH activities,as well as adjusted indirectly with other nitrogen metabolism indexes,in which GS plays the leading role.

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