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中文摘要：
延期支付作为供应链内部融资的重要渠道之一，广泛存在于商业活动中．在一个由单供应商和多个零售商组成的易腐品供应链中，供应商允许零售商延期支付货款；每个零售商有两类顾客，终端顾客，即直接的消费者，在收到货物之时立即支付货款，中级顾客，即代理商或加盟店，在一定的期限后缴纳货款，如何确定最优订货批量以使得资金实现最大的时间价值是每个零售商面临的重要问题．为此，文章首先研究了在各零售商独立采购时基于两级信用支付的库存模型；其次，研究了多零售商组成联盟实施联合采购时的订货决策问题，应用合作博弈理论，将联合采购下的费用分配问题构造成基于两级信用支付的易腐品联合采购博弈．研究表明，与各零售商独立采购相比，联合采购降低了各零售商的总费用，提高了产品的补货频率，减少了由产品变质带来的损失．
英文摘要：
Nowadays, trade credit （permissible delay in payment） is one of the most important source of short-term external financing for firms in a broad range of in- dustries and economies. This paper considers a supply chain for deteriorating itemsincluding a supplier and multi retailers. In this model, the supplier offers all retailers a permissible delay of payments in settling their accounts, and each retailer has two types of customers. One of the customers is the ultimate customer who pay for the items up on receiving them, while the other is the intermediate customer or trade cus- tomer who requires some period of time within which to settle for the goods supplied to them. Therefore, how to control inventories of deteriorating items, and achieve the maximum time value of money becomes an important problem for each retailer. We introduce the deteriorating inventory model with partial trade credit policy under independent and cooperative purchase, respectively. Then the cost allocation prob- lem arising from the cooperative purchasing is considered and formulated as the cost allocation game with two-level trade credit. It is proved that the cooperative pur- chasing not only leads to a decrease in each retailer＇s cost but also an increase in the frequency of replenishment, which in turn reduces the loss of decay.
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