【目的】研究不同水、氮管理模式对水稻产量以及水、氮利用效率的影响,以期为水稻高产与水、氮高效利用提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】大田试验于2015-2016年在浙江富阳进行,供试品种为三系籼型杂交稻天优华占。设置常规灌溉(CI)和干湿交替灌溉(AWD)两种灌溉模式,同时设置低氮(LN,80kg/hm2)、中氮(MN,160kg/hm2)和高氮(HN,240kg/hm2)3种施氮水平。【结果】灌溉模式与施氮量对水稻产量以及水、氮利用效率有显著互作效应。与CI相比,AWD抑制无效分蘖,分蘖成穗率提高8.1%~10.7%;提高抽穗期至成熟期的光合势(LAD)与群体生长率(CGR);促进根系下扎,10~20cm根层根系生物量增加了24.4%~32.3%,同时提高了结实期根系活性;促使茎鞘中非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)向籽粒中运转;且AWD在160kg/hm2(中氮)施氮水平下可显著提高产量与水、氮利用效率,为本研究最佳的水、氮运筹模式。【结论】通过适宜的水、氮运筹可充分发挥其互作效应,提高水稻产量与水、氮利用效率。
【Objective】In order to lay a scientific basis for high yield and high water and nitrogen use efficiencies in riceproduction,we estimated the effects of the interaction between the alternate wetting and drying(AWD)regime anddifferent nitrogen rates on grain yield,water and nitrogen use efficiencies.【Method】The field experiments wereconducted with two irrigation regimes,AWD and conventional irrigation(CI)and three N rates,80(low amount,LN),160(medium amount,MN)and240kg/hm2(high amount,HN)in Fuyang,Zhejiang Province in2015and2016.Thelocal high-yielding rice cultivar Tianyouhuazhan(three-line indica hybrid combination)was used as experimentalmaterial.【Result】There was an obvious interaction between irrigation regimes and N rates.When compared with CIregime,AWD could reduce redundant vegetative growth and control the number of rice tillers,improve the percentage ofproductive tillers by8.1%-10.7%;increase the leaf area duration(LAD)and crop growth rate(CGR)from heading tomaturity;increase root dry weight at a depth of10-20cm at heading by24.4%-32.3%,and the root oxidation activity(ROA)during the re-watering period after heading;AWD could promote the remobilization of non-structuralcarbohydrates(NSC)in culms and sheaths for grain filling.The grain yield,water and nitrogen use efficiencies were thehighest in the combination of AWD and MN due to the improved population quality and grain filling,and thecombination of AWD and MN was the best water-nitrogen management model in this study.【Conclusion】The aim ofhigh grain yield and high water and nitrogen use efficiencies could be achieved through integrating AWD with themedium amount of nitrogen application in rice production.