中文摘要：

为解决国内日益尖锐的能源环境矛盾，应对国际气候变化的压力，中国能源利用效率的提高成为各方关注的焦点，而对其进行准确的统计测度和国际对比是必不可少的前提和基础。本文将能源消费者分为企业、政府和居民三大类别，从国家能源发展目标出发，构建测度指标体系，包括总分类指标、监控类指标、解释类指标和辅助说明类指标4大类；在汇率法和购买力平价法核算方式下，采用熵权法与能源消费份额法确定各指标的权重，并与主成份投影法相结合，对中国、美国、日本等32个国家和地区的能源利用效率进行测度分析，结果显示，在4种组合条件下，我国能源利用效率的测度值分别为0．6207、0．5796、0．7854、0．7186，总体虽基本处于“较好”状态，但在32个样本国家和地区中排名分别为第26位、第28位、第8位和第11位，比较而言，购买力平价法下的测度值和排名更好，最后提出有针对性的政策建议。

英文摘要：

Energy efficiency is one of the most useful ways to solve the contradiction between energy and the environment caused by economic development in China over the last 30 years. From the perspective of sustainable development, evaluating energy efficiency and international comparisons is a valuable starting point. Here, energy consumers are allocated to three major categories of enterprise, government and residents based on the following factors： scientific, pertinence, comparability, quantifiable and availability principle, decomposing Chinese energy efficiency goal from the total index, monitoring index, explaining index and the auxiliary index. We also used the energy share method and the entropy weight method as the foundation to determine the weights of indexes, and the principal component projection method, exchange rate method and the purchasing power parity law GDP accounting system of China, the United States, Japan and 32 other countries. We calculated four kinds of combination conditions and found that China energy efficiency measure values are 0.6207, 0.5796, 0.7854 and 0.7186. Although the energy efficiency measures were of ＇good＇ condition, the sample of 32 countries and regions resulted in a ranking of 26th, 28th, 8th and 1 lth; the last two methods rank better. Last, on the basis of the measurement and evaluation of Chinese energy efficiency, the strategy to improve energy efficiency is determined and discussed.