中文摘要：

复合电铸技术的研究对于小型精密零部件及梯度材料的制备具有重要意义。利用纳米Al2O3、碳纳米管（CNT）、石墨3种不同特性的微粒分别与Cu进行复合电铸，研究微粒特性和电流密度对复合铸层沉积速度、结晶形貌以及铸件机械性能的影响。试验结果表明：对于Al2O3-Cu复合铸层，电流密度的增大可起到明显细化晶粒的效果，而石墨、CNT微粒本身就具有细化晶粒的作用。研究还表明，第二相微粒特性（如小尺寸效应、导电性等）对复合铸层沉积过程中晶核的形成和长大具有明显的影响。同时，微粒在基体中均匀弥散分散、晶粒尺寸以及结晶致密程度都会影响铸层的机械性能。在相同工艺条件下，石墨-Cu复合铸层具有更为均匀致密的组织结构和更为优良的机械性能。

英文摘要：

Composite electroforming is useful to fabricate micro-structure gradient and high precise materials. Composite materials were prepared by adding different particles such as Al2O3, CNT, and graphite in the Cu electroforruing electrolyte. The influences of current density and particle properties were also investigated. The results show that the grain size decreases with the current density during the composite electroforming of Al2O3-Cu. And the addition of CNT or graphite particles promotes the grain refinement. The second phase of particles can affect the nuclear-up process of the codeposition of CNT-Cu due to the small size effect and conductivity of the CNT particles. And it is proved that the uniform distribution of particles and the grain size can affect the mechanical properties of the electroforming composites. Graphite-Cu composite electroforming material shows more uniform micro-structure and better mechanical properties than Al2O3-Cu and CNT-Cu composites fabricated under the same conditions.