中文摘要：

张仲景金匮肾气丸作为补肾化气,用治肾气虚弱,气化失司所致诸症的代表方自问世以来,该方及其类方发展演变大致有三大走势：一是向补肾化气行水方面拓展,成药金匮肾气丸因加牛膝、车前子,其利水消肿之力有增,尚可用于肾气虚水肿。二是向温补肾阳延伸,桂附地黄丸将金匮肾气丸原方中的桂枝易为肉桂、干地黄改为熟地黄,从而变补肾气之方而为温肾阳之剂;加味肾气丸（即济生肾气丸）也将原方中之干地黄改为熟地黄,并加牛膝、车前子,遂成为温肾利水之方,适用于肾阳虚水肿。三是形成补肾阴类方,六味地黄丸减去原方中的桂枝、附子,易干地黄为熟地黄,变成滋补肾阴、用治肾阴虚证的基础方,进而加味衍化为六味地黄丸系列方,如知柏地黄丸、麦味地黄丸、归芍地黄丸、杞菊地黄丸、明目地黄丸等。

英文摘要：

Since the representative prescription： Jingui Shenqi Pills came out, which is made by Zhang zhongjing and is conducted to tonify kidney and the gas, using to cure the symptoms caused by the weakness of kidney qi and the gasify lose control. The development of this formula and its similar formulas have three tendency roughly. One is used to tonify kidney qi and benefit water. Jingui Shenqi Pills adding radix achyranthis bidentatae and semen plantaginis can increase the effect of inducing diuresis to alleviate edema. And it also can be used in edema due to kidney qi deficiency. Secondly, it can be used to warm and nourish kidney yang. Compared to Jingui Shenqi Pills, Guifu Dihuang Pills change cassia twig to cinnamon, change dried rehmannia to radix rehmanniae preparata, thus turning tonifying kidney qi into warming kidney yang recipes. In Jiawei Shenqi Pills （that is Jisheng Shenqi Pills）, it is also changed dried rehmannia to radix rehmanniae preparata on the basis of the original prescription, and adding radix achyranthis bidentatae and semen plantaginis into a warming kidney and inducing diuresis prescription, which is appropriate for edema due to kidney yang deficiency. Thirdly, it can be used to tonify kidney yin. Liuwei Dihuang Pills minus cassia twig and monkshood of the original prescription, change dried rehmannia to radix rehmanniae preparata, turning into a basic prescription which can nourish kidney yin and is used to cure the deficiency of kidney yin. And then become a prescription of Liuwei Dihuang Pills series. Such as Zhibai Dihuang Pills, Maiwei Dihuang Pills, Guishao Dihuang Pills, Qiju Dihuang Pills, Mingmu Dihuang Pills, etc.