中文摘要：

以中国新疆伊犁地区的巩留县莫合镇库尔德宁、新源县交吾托海、霍城县大西沟和塔城地区的裕民县巴尔鲁克山4个种下居群的109个新疆野苹果实生株系为材料，利用8对苹果SSR引物进行群体遗传结构的研究。结果表明：8对SSR引物在4个居群中可平均扩增出16条带，其中巩留县居群多态性带数百分比最高为89．06％，各位点平均Nei基因多样度为0．257．4个群体共扩增出128个位点，在种级水平及巩留县、新源县、霍城县和裕民县4个居群水平多态性位点百分比分别为100％、88．28％、84．38％、87．50％、78．12％，种级水平Nei基因多样度（H=0．2619）和香农信息指数（l=0．4082）大于种下居群，4个种下居群Nei基因多样度和香农信息指数比较巩留县〉霍城县〉新源县〉裕民县；巩留县居群和新源县居群遗传一致度最大，遗传距离最近；根据基因分化系数（GST=0．064）值，测得的基因流Nm为7．265。UPGMA聚类分析结果表明，巩留县和新源县居群遗传关系最近，霍城县居群次之，裕民县居群远离其他3个居群，巩留县、新源县、霍城县和裕民县4个居群是相对独立的群体，但同时存在部分基因交流。所有参数分析表明，巩留县遗传多样性最丰富，故在制定原位种质保护计划时应优先考虑巩留县居群。

英文摘要：

One hundred and nine Malus sieversii accessions from four geographical populations located at Kuerdening in Mohe town, Gongliu County, Jiaowutuohai, in Xinyuan County, Daxigou in Houcheng County of Ily State, and Baerluke Mountain in Yumin County of Tacheng State, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China were studied by SSR markers. The purpose of the study was to determine the genetic structure and diversity in these eco-geographical populations with eight pair SSR primers of apple. The results indicated that： an average of 16 bands was detected in the four populations. The percentage of polymorphic bands in Gongliu population （89.06%） was the highest in the four populations. The average Nei＇s gene diversity index was 0.257 for all the loci. Totally, 128 polymorphic loci were detected and the percentage of polymorphic loci （P） was 100%, 88.28%, 84.83%, 87.50%, and 87.12%, respectively, at the species level and Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin population levels. The Nei＇s gene diversity index （H = 0.2619） and Shannon＇s information index （1 = 0.4082） in the species level were higher than in the population level. The Nei＇s gene diversity index and Shannon＇s information index in the four populations were Gongliu 〉 Huocheng 〉 Xinyuan 〉 Yumin. Gongliu population and Xinyuan population were the highest in genetic identity and the closest in genetic distance. Gene flow between the populations was 7.265 based on genetic differentiation coefficient （GST = 0.064）. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the genetic relationships between the Gongliu and Xinyuan population were the closest, and the Yumin population were the farthest with the other three populations. The UPGMA cluster analysis indicated that the four geographical populations located in Gongliu, Xinyuan, Huocheng, and Yumin were relatively independent populations. Concurrently, there was also mild gene exchange between the populations. On the basis of the study of population genetic structure and the highest geneti