中文摘要：

生物多样性评价工作是生物多样性保护的基础,而替代指标的应用是在环境影响评价中实现生物多样性快速评价的重要方法之一。本文介绍了生物多样性替代指标的概念,分析了不同生物类群之间广泛存在的相关性,总结了大尺度上兽类、鸟类、维管束植物物种数的经验比例（1∶5∶50）。对目前可供使用的生物多样性替代指标进行了系统整理和分类,将其划分为生物类替代指标（包括指示类群、功能类群和珍稀濒危类群）和生境类替代指标（包括环境因子、景观格局和自然圣境）。对不同指标的替代机理、有效性、使用方法和适用范围等进行了归纳,探讨了增强生物多样性替代指标应用有效性和评价精度的主要途径。研究可为保护地规划、生物多样性监测和环境影响评价等领域开展生物多样性快速评价,以及环境评价制度中生物多样性影响评价的完善提供参考。

英文摘要：

Biodiversity assessment is the basis for biodiversity conservation,while the application of biodiversity surrogate is one of the important means for quick biodiversity assessment in environmental impact assessment.This paper introduced the conception of biodiversity surrogate,analyzed the correlations widely existed among biological groups,and summarized the large scale experimental proportions among the species of mammals,birds and vascular plants （1：5：50）.The existing biodiversity surrogates were classified into two categories,i.e.,bio-surrogates （indicator group,functional group,and rare and endangered group） and habitat-based surrogates （environmental factors,landscape features,and sacred natural sites）.Also,the surrogating mechanisms,effectiveness,use methods,and use scope of different indicators were summarized,and the potential ways to improve the surrogates’ performance were discussed.This paper provided references for conservation site planning,biodiversity monitoring,environmental impact assessment,and improvement of China’s biodiversity impact assessment system.