中文摘要：

本文提出了中点一半偏移距域内的三维偏移距平面波（offset plane-wave）方程，并给出了其有限差分解法．偏移距平面波可通过对CMP道集进行平面波分解（倾斜叠加或线性Radon变换）生成，然而这样做会产生严重的噪音干扰．本文提出了局部倾斜叠加方法（local slantstacking）来消除离散线性Radon变换引入的噪音．针对实际三维数据的不规则性（中点-偏移距域内方位角展布不均匀及偏移距采样不规则），本文还提出了与方位角无关的三维倾斜叠加方法（azimuth-independent 3D slantstacking），解决了三维平面波分解中存在的问题．使用文中提出的平面波分解方法，可以得到高信噪比的偏移距平面波数据体．同时，三维偏移距平面波偏移可以输出偏移距射线参数域共成像点道集，基于此道集的剩余速度分析方法可以用来更新偏移速度场．偏移距平面波偏移具有很高的计算效率，相较Kirchhoff积分叠前时间偏移有较好的保幅特性，可作为水平地表三维叠前时间偏移的一个很好的解决方案．

英文摘要：

Based on the double-square-root equation, a 3D offset plane-wave equation for pre- stack time migration is derived and its finite-difference scheme is put forward. Offset plane waves can be generated by applying a plane-wave decomposition （slant-stacking or Linear Radon Transform） to CMP gathers. However, the resulting offset plane waves will be contaminated by coherent noise. We then present a local slant-stacking method to eliminate the noise. Meanwhile, an azimuth-independent 3D slant-stacking approach is developed to address the issue of uneven azimuth distribution and irregular offset distribution in CMP gathers. High-quality offset planewave datasets can be produced by the offset plane-wave decomposition approach proposed in this paper. Besides, residual curvature velocity analysis can be implemented in the offset ray- parameter common-image gathers. 3D offset plane wave migration will be a practical solution for prestack time migration.