中文摘要：

重新审视五四运动时期《新青年》传入的科学观念，为中国近代科学传播史研究提供新线索。研究结果给出了：科学与民主如“舟车之两轮”；“欲脱蒙昧”，“厥为科学”；“近世科学与基督教世界观之冲突而难合”；“德之立教，体育殊重”，务使“民力大张”等观点，以及对科学起源、科学功能、科学家、科学思想、科学精神和科学方法的认识，包括了进化思想、宗教观、体育观等。结论认为前期《新青年》系统传入了新的科学观念，为酝酿五四前夕的科学与民主氛围做出积极贡献，但在之后大多被赋予其新的社会意义，有的则由生物进化论异化为社会进化论。

英文摘要：

New Youth, the magazine which had decisive importance for China＇s modern history, thrived during the May Fourth Movement in the year of 1919. Its historical importance was credited to the crucial role New Youth had played in transmitting and spreading Western scientific ideas in China. By making a meticulous study on those scientific ideas, this thesis tried to provide new researching materials for the study on science communication in modem history of China. We made a conclusion that what science and democracy for a healthy society is what the two wheels for a steadily marching cart. To shake off ignorance, science is the only way out. The thoughts that ＂modern science and the world view of Christianity are incompatible＂, ＂morality is the core of education while physical education matters greatly＂, and ＂great efforts should be made to improve the financial resources of people＂, together with knowledge of the origin and functions of science, knowledge of scientists, comprehension of the scientific ideas, spirits of science and scientific approaches, comprised ideas of evolution, religious views, viewpoints about physical education and so on. The conclusion proposed that Western scientific ideas regularly transmitted into China through New Youth had made enormous contribution by providing scientific and democratic conditions for the occurrence of the May Fourth Movement. However, most of those scientific ideals were endued with new social meanings and some evolved from biological evolutionism into social evolutinism.