中文摘要：

目的 探讨燃煤型氟中毒病区燃煤中砷的实际燃烧释放规律及其环境效应。方法 于2005—2010年,在云南昭通系统采集了24户农户的煤、拌煤粘土、煤泥、煤渣以及新鲜玉米和烘烤玉米样品进行砷含量的检测,并计算煤泥中砷元素的燃烧释放量及释放率,分析了煤泥中砷释放量与烘烤玉米中砷增加量的关系。结果 煤中砷含量为0.72∽14.35 mg/kg,中位数为3.92 mg/kg;拌煤粘土中砷含量为1.66∽66.59 mg/kg,中位数为17.22 mg/kg;煤泥中砷含量为1.81∽29.52 mg/kg,中位数为7.79 mg/kg;煤泥中砷的释放量为0.09∽22.47 mg/kg,中位数为2.00 mg/kg;煤泥中砷的释放率为0.92%∽76.10%,中位数为31.76%;新鲜玉米中的砷含量为未检出∽0.03 mg/kg,中位数为0.02 mg/kg,远低于GB 2762—2005《食品中污染物限量》中砷限量（0.2 mg/kg）;烘烤玉米中的砷含量为未检出∽0.34 mg/kg,中位数为0.09 mg/kg,与新鲜玉米相比有了大幅增加,超标率仅为23.8%。粘土与煤泥中砷释放量呈正相关（P=0.001）,而砷释放量与烘烤玉米砷增加量间无统计学相关性（P=0.604）。结论 拌煤粘土是燃煤中砷污染物释放的重要来源。烘烤玉米中砷污染程度不仅与煤泥中砷释放量有关,而且受到烤房条件、敞炉结构、烘烤时间等多种因素的影响。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the release of arsenic （As） in coal and clay and their environmental effects in ＂coal-burning＂ fluorosis area. Methods During 2005-2010, the coal,binder clay, briquette, cinder,fresh corn and roasted corn samples of 24 households were collected systematically, and the As concentration in all samples were measured by using wet digestion/atomic fluorescence spectrometry method, and the emission amount and rate of As in briquettes were calculated, and the correlation between the release amount of As from briquettes and the increase of As in roasted corn were analyzed in Zhaotong,Yunnan. Results The coal As concentrations were 0.72-14.35 mg/kg with a median of 3.92 mg/kg. The As concentrations in binder clays were 1.66-66.59 mg/kg with a median of 17.22 mg/kg. The As concentrations in briquettes were 1.81-29.52 mg/kg with a median of 7.79 mg/kg. The As emission amounts in briquettes were 0.09-22.47 mg/kg with a median of 2.00 mg/kg. The As release rates in briquettes were 0.92-76.1% with a median of 31.76%. The As concentrations in fresh corn ranged from not detected （ND） to 0.03 mg/kg with a median of 0.02 mg/kg, which was much less than the limit of GB 2762-2005 （0.2 mg/kg）. The As concentrations in roasted corn ranged from ND to 0.34 mg/kg with a median of 0.09 mg/kg, and 23.4% of the roasted corn samples exceeded the limit. Compared with fresh corn, the As concentrations in roasted corn increased a lot. There was a significant correlation between the emission amounts of As from briquettes and the As concentrations in binder clay （P=0.001）, but no correlation was seen between the release amount of As from briquettes and the increase of As in roasted corn （P=0.604）. Conclusion The binder clay is an important source for the emission of As pollutants in briquettes. The increase of As in roasted corn is determined not just by the emission amount of As in briquettes, but also several factors such as the conditions of baking room, the structure of open oven and the baking time.