中文摘要：

在本研究中,着重介绍了用作金属纳米粒子稳定剂的聚酰胺-胺、聚缩水甘油和聚乙烯亚胺等几类超支化聚合物的研究进展。聚酰胺-胺类超支化聚合物可用于堵水剂和化学驱油剂,用于金属纳米粒子反应器时既作还原剂,又作分散剂,能稳定分散金属纳米粒子,还能提高纳米复合材料的循环再生性能;聚缩水甘油类含有大量的端羟基,经修饰可得到两亲性的纳米胶囊,具有良好的生物相容性,可用作优质的原油破乳剂,金属纳米粒子的粒径可通过其相对分子质量来调控;聚乙烯亚胺-胺类具有众多的胺官能团,为金属离子的配位提供了丰富的位点,其包裹的金属纳米粒子可用于温敏材料等。结合超支化聚合物的结构可控性以及纳米金属优秀的催化性能,这类物质在石油工程领域中会有较大的应用前景。

英文摘要：

Several kinds of hyperbranched polymers including hyperbranched poly （ amido-amine） （HPAM）,hyperbranched polyglycerol （HPG）,and hyperbranched polyethylene imine （HPEI）,as metal nanoparticle stabilizers are summarized in this work. HPAM is a good candidate as a plugging agent and a chemical oil displacement agent. It can serve as both reductant and dispersant, which can not only stabilize the dispersion of metal nanoparticles but also improve the reproducibility of nanocomposites. With a large amount of hydroxyl groups, HPG can be modified to be amphiphilic nanocapsules, which has good biocompatibility and can be used as high-quality crude oil demulsifier. Furthermore, the size of metal nanoparticles can be controlled by the relative molecular mass of HPG. HPEI owns a large number of amine functional groups, which provides the ideal coordination sites for metal ions. As an example, the HPEI-coated metal nanoparticles have been found as potential thermo-sensitive materials. With the combination of the structural controllability of hyperbranched polymer and excellent catalytic activity of metal nanoparticles, metalized hyperbranched polymers show great promises in the petrochemical industry.