中文摘要：

研究了采用悬液Wien效应测定反号离子在土壤胶粒双电层中分布的方法原理,及不同阳离子在黄棕壤和黑土胶粒双电层中的分布规律.试验条件下,这2种土壤的Na＋饱和胶粒的表面电导率最大,而使表面电导率最小的阳离子是不同的,黄棕壤为Cu2＋,黑土则为Cd2＋.黄棕壤和黑土胶粒的表面电导率随阳离子的变化顺序分别为Na＋〉K＋〉Cd2＋〉Pb2＋〉Ca2＋〉La3＋〉Cu2＋和Na＋〉K＋〉Pb2＋〉La3＋〉Cu2＋〉Ca2＋〉Cd2＋.除Na＋和Cd2＋外,几乎所有阳离子在黄棕壤胶粒扩散层中的比率（ECS/ECad）明显小于黑土,其中Cd2＋在黄棕壤和黑土胶粒扩散层中的比率分别为0.174和0.0872.黄棕壤和黑土胶粒的ζ电位随阳离子价型的变化顺序,除了钙饱和黑土外,与土壤胶粒表面电导率随阳离子价型的变化顺序完全一致.

英文摘要：

This paper describes the principle of determination of counter-ion distribution in the electrical double layers of colloidal soil particles by Wien effect measurements on soil suspensions,and the distribution of various cations in the double layers of colloidal yellow-brown and black soil particles. Under the experimental conditions,the surface electrical conductivities of colloidal soil particles saturated with Na＋ were the largest for both soils,whereas Cu2＋ and Cd2＋ counter ions resulted in minimum surface conductivities in the yellow-brown and black soils,respectively. The whole sequence was Na＋ K＋ Cd2＋ Pb2＋ Ca2＋ La3＋ Cu2＋ for yellow-brown soil and Na＋ K＋ Pb2＋ La3＋ Cu2＋ Ca2＋ Cd2＋ for black soil. For all cations besides Na＋ and Cd2＋ the ratio of cations in the diffuse layers to adsorbed cations,ECS/ECad,was significantly less for the yellow-brown soil particles as compared to that for the black soil particles. The ECS/ECad values of Cd2＋ for yellow-brown and black soil particles were 0.174 and 0.0872,respectively. The sequences of the ζ potentials of the colloidal particles of the two soils,except that of black soil particles saturated with Ca2＋,were similar to those of the surface electrical conductivities of the soil particles.