中文摘要：

多次波衰减方法的研究一直都是海洋地震资料处理中的重点和难点.为了能够选择合理有效的多次波衰减方法,提高海洋地震资料处理的信噪比和成像质量,本文着重论述了当前较为成熟的两大类多次波衰减方法——滤波法和波动理论法,并就多次波新技术的发展进行了总结.本文首先就滤波法和波动理论法的基本原理和研究思路进行了分析与探讨,对两大类方法中较为经典的代表性方法进行了详细的公式推导和原理解释,并且在此基础上比较分析了不同多次波衰减方法各自的适用性和优缺点.其次,在论述经典多次波衰减方法的基础上,对近些年来多次波衰减新技术的发展进行了归纳和总结,包括综合法、稀疏反演法和多次波成像技术等,指出了经典方法存在的局限性和新技术发展的必要性.最后,在总结近年来国内外多次波衰减问题研究进展的基础上,指出了该领域研究中当前存在的问题和不足,并且针对这些问题对未来海洋多次波衰减技术的发展做出了展望.

英文摘要：

The research and application of multiples attenuation techniques and approaches has always been one of the most significant and difficult points in the current marine seismic data processing. In order to select the most reasonable and effective methods to improve the signal to noise ratio and image quality in marine seismic data processing,this paper focuses on the two major categories of current mature multiple attenuation method- filtering and wave equation-based method,and summarizes the development of new multiples attenuation technologies. Firstly,basic principles and research ideas of filtering and wave equation-based method were analyzed and discussed, and more typical and representational methods of both categories were chosen to discuss with formula derivation and principle explanation in detail,in which process we compared and analyzed the feasibility, advantages and disadvantages of every method involved in. Secondary, after summing up about the classic multiple attenuation methods,new methods of multiples attenuation in recent years were summarized,including synthesis method,sparse inversion method and multiple wave imaging technology, in this section we focused on the limitations of classical methods and the necessity of developing new technologies. Finally,on the basis of domestic and abroad research progresses of multiple attenuation,we pointed out the problems and deficiencies that exist in this field at present,and make prospect of the future development of multiples attenuation technology to solve these existing problems.