中文摘要：

骨组织是人体重要的承重器官，具有力学适应性，在疲劳载荷作用下会出现疲劳损伤，常见于运动员长跑、新兵训练以及老年人的日常活动，主要表现为骨组织显微裂纹的萌生、扩展，力学性能下降甚至是应力性骨折，危害很大。骨组织的疲劳损伤存在于包括超显微结构、显微结构和组织宏观的各个层面，皮质骨中的抗疲劳结构（骨单元）及内部的细胞成分（主要为骨细胞）对抵抗疲劳损伤、识别显微裂纹以及诱导后续定向骨重建过程具有重要作用。总结相关研究结果与结论有助于系统了解骨组织疲劳损伤行为及相应识别修复过程，同时也为后续骨组织疲劳损伤预防及治疗等临床研究工作的开展提供参考和方向。

英文摘要：

Bone, acting as the main load-bearing organ in human body, is of mechanical adaptability. It is prevalent but perilous that under fatigue loading, bone suffers from fatigue damage characterized as the initiation, propagation of micro-cracks, deterioration of bone mechanical properties or even stress fracture, which is commonly seen in long distance running of athletes, fitness training of military recruits and daily activities of the elderly. Bone fatigue damages exist in multi-levels of ultra-micro structure, microstructure and macrostructure. The anti-fatigue units in cortical bone （osteons） and cellular components （osteocytes） inside have been proved to play important roles in fatigue damage prevention, micro-cracks recognition and bone-targeted remodeling activation. Therefore, a general review and summing-up of relative research findings can help to provide a systematic understanding of fatigue behavior and corresponding repair process, and to give some useful references and insights for subsequent clinical researches aiming at prevention and treatment for bone fatigue damage.