中文摘要：

全球气候变化和城市化进程的不断加快使得城市暴雨洪涝灾害频繁发生,洪水中汽车滑移后有可能撞毁周边基础设施,危及行人生命安全.因此,有必要对洪水中汽车滑移速度开展力学分析及相应试验研究,为城市洪水风险评估提供科学参考.文章首先分析了洪水中汽车滑移状态时的受力情况,结合抛石落距和一维碰撞双自由度力学模型推导出洪水中汽车的滑移速度及其最大撞击力的计算公式;然后采用模型小车开展了汽车滑移及碰撞的水槽试验,得到不同来流情况下的汽车滑移速度和最大撞击力的试验数据;最后利用这些试验结果率定出公式中关键参数,计算了原型车辆在不同来流条件下的滑移速度和最大撞击力.

英文摘要：

The global climate change and the quick urbanization lead to frequent occurrences of flash floods in urban areas;a sliding vehicle in floodwater can impinge against the surrounding infrastructure;and cause damage to the safety of the pedestrians.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct theoretical and experimental studies on the sliding velocity of flooded vehicles,which can provide the scientific reference to urban flood risk management.In the study,all the forces acting on a sliding vehicle in floodwater are investigated,with the corresponding expressions for these forces being presented;and the formulae for calculating the sliding velocity and the maximum impact force are derived,based on the mechanical model for the falling distance of rock riprap and a one-dimensional impact model with the double degrees of freedom.Then a series of flume experiments were therefore conducted using two types of small-scale model vehicles.Finally,the experimental data obtained are used to determine key parameters in the derived formulae;and then these formulae are used to estimate the sliding velocities and the maximum impact forces of the prototype vehicles under various flow conditions.