回顾了改革开放以来不同时期制度变迁及其对城乡发展差距的影响。采用30年省际动态面板数据。实证分析了制度演变与城乡发展差距的关系,发现了省域城乡发展差距由沿海向内陆逐级扩大的阶梯状分布规律。政府财政支农制度、乡镇非农产业发展制度均能有效促进农村地区发展,有助于缩小城乡发展差距。然而,户籍制度的存在制约了城乡一体化发展,随着经济发展的不断深入,户籍制度对农村发展的束缚作用开始显现并逐渐加强。未发现农产品价格体系改革对城乡发展差距的影响。在不同时期、不同区域(东部、中部、西部省份),制度演变对省域城乡发展差距的影响具有差异性。针对快速城镇化过程中出现的城进村退问题,建议继续强化对落后地区的支农惠农政策,加大对乡镇工业、服务业的扶持力度,深化户籍制度改革,加快构筑村镇建设格局,为促进城乡互动发展搭建平台。
The paper reviews the institutional evolution and its impact on urban-rural differences in China since the reform and opening-up. By using 30-years dynamic panel data, the research finds the stair distribution of enlarged urban-rural differences from the coastal to the inland provinces. The fiscal investment in agriculture and non-agrieuhural development of township industries are contributing to narrow the urban-rural differences while the hukou system still prohibits villages from catching up with the cities. No significant influence is found for the price reform and agricultural goods and agricultural production means. Finally, the paper suggests the policy strengthen of benefiting agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and supporting non-agricultural industries of townships, deepening hukou system reforms. It also suggests the construction of villages and small towns to promote development of vast rural areas and establish platforms for urban-rural interactive development in China.