中文摘要：

研究目的：建立农民土地权利的财产与自由概念框架，可以为理解地权转股权的过程及其内含合作组织替代农户的农村土地股份合作制创新提供新政治经济学逻辑基础。研究方法：制度分析法。研究结果：农民的剩余权以及退出自由的大小，取决于他与国家、集体的谈判能力以及他们之间达成契约及其经济后果。研究结论：土地股份合作社的发展必须获得农民的系统支持，既为他们提供保底分红的剩余权保障又提供具有安全阀门功能的退出自由，土地股份合作社才能成为有效率的经济组织。今后土地股份合作的健康发展，取决于剩余权与退出权保障机制的政策供给。

英文摘要：

The purpose of this paper is to establish the conceptual framework for analyzing the relation between the property and the freedom of farmers＇ rights on their land in order to understand the evolution of farmers＇ land right in the genealogy of freedom and find the institutional foundation of rural land joint-stock cooperation. Theories of new political economics and new institutional economics are used. The results show that the power of farmers＇ residuals claims and the quitting freedom depend on their ability of negotiation with the local government and their collective committee, their signed contracts and the economic consequence. The conclusion is that it is important for an economic organization to establish the quitting mechanism and the residuals claim right on a guaranteed bonus within the joint land cooperatives.