中文摘要：

目的了解宁夏农村地区60岁以上人群年龄相关性黄斑变性（AMD）的患病率情况及相关危险因素。方法采用单纯随机抽样方法抽取宁夏农村地区的5个自然村60岁以上人群进行眼科常规检查。结果调查人口总数为1 132人,实际受检679人,受检率为60%。确诊AMD患者25例（共45只眼）,占受检人数的3.68%,其中确诊回民AMD患者20例（80%）,汉民AMD患者5例（20%）。确诊早期5例（10只眼）,中期12例（23只眼）,晚期8例（12只眼）,回汉族AMD检出率及分期差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。在60~、70~、≥80岁以上各年龄段中,AMD检出率分别为2.55%（11/431）、4.37%（8/183）、9.23%（6/65）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;吸烟及合并心血管疾病会增加AMD患病的风险,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而性别及民族间患病率差异无统计学意义。AMD患者中,双眼盲1例,占AMD患者的4%;双眼低视力8例,占AMD患者的32%;单眼盲7例,占AMD患眼的15.56%;单眼低视力13例,占AMD患眼的28.89%。结论宁夏农村地区AMD患病率较报道的中国其他地区及白种人患病率低,年龄、吸烟及合并心血管疾病是AMD的主要危险因素。

英文摘要：

Objective To investigate the prevalence of age- related macular degeneration（ AMD） and the risk factors in residents aged ≥ 60 years in the rural area of Ningxia. Methods Five villages were selected from the rural area of Ningxia by simple random sampling. The residents aged ≥60 years underwent a basic eye examination. A questionnaire was administered to collect the general date,behavioral pattern and systemic diseases. Results Of the 1132 residents 60 years of age and older,679,186 Han individuals（ 27. 39%）,493 Hui individuals（ 72. 61%）,finished the examination（ examination rate,60%）. Twenty- five patients（ 45 eyes） were diagnosed as AMD,accounting for 3. 68% of the population exanimate. Of 25 patients diagnosed as AMD,there were 20 Hui patients（ 80%） and 5 Han patients（ 20 %）,with 5 patients（ 10 eyes） at early phase,12 patients（ 23 eyes） at middle phase,and 8 patients（ 12 eyes） at later phase. The prevalence of AMD in the age groups of 60 ~ 69,70 ~ 79 and was more than 80 were identified as 2. 55%,4. 37% and 9. 23%,respectively. Smoking and angiocardiopathy were likely to increase the risk of AMD（ P 〈0. 05）. The gender and ethnic were not associated significantly with AMD in this study. In the patients with AMD,binocular blindness and monocular blindness were 4% and 15. 56%,respectively. Binocular low vision and monocular low vision were 32% or 28. 89%. Conclusion The prevalence of AMD in the rural area of Ningxia is lower than the reports in other areas of China and Caucasian in Western country. Age,smoking and angiocardiopathy may be the main risk factors associated with AMD.