中文摘要：

基底前脑不仅在运动、注意行为和学习记忆中发挥重要作用,而且在睡眠-觉醒行为中扮演着重要的角色。虽然基底前脑神经元存在较强的异质性,但主要以胆碱能、γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid,GABA）能以及谷氨酸能3种类型的神经元为主。本文综述基底前脑这3种不同神经递质类型的神经元对睡眠-觉醒行为调节作用的研究进展。基底前脑胆碱能神经元具有促进皮层激活和睡眠-觉醒时相转换的作用。基底前脑皮层投射型GABA能神经元接收局部胆碱能和谷氨酸能神经元投射,发挥中枢促觉醒和觉醒维持作用;而中间型GABA能神经元可能通过抑制附近的觉醒相关型神经元的活动来发挥促睡眠作用。基底前脑谷氨酸能神经元既可作用于局部觉醒相关型神经元,亦有可能通过向皮层的直接投射通路发挥促觉醒作用。

英文摘要：

The basal forebrain（BF） is known to participate in the control of motion, attention, learning and memory, and it also plays a key role in sleep-wake regulation. Although there is a strong heterogeneity among neurons in the BF, the main types are cholinergic, gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABAergic） and glutamatergic neurons. This review provided the research progress in the regulation of sleep-wakefulness behavior by the 3 neurons in the BF. The cholinergic neurons play roles in activation of cortex and promote phase transition between sleep and wakefulness. The cortical projecting GABAergic neurons, which accept the projections from the adjacent cholinergic and glutamatergic neurons, contribute to awakening and the maintenance of normal wakefulness. The GABAergic interneurons may promote sleepiness by inhibiting the wake-active neurons which excite the cortical neurons. The glutamatergic neurons regulate sleep and wakefulness by interacting with neighbor cholinergic and cortical projecting GABAergic neurons or through the direct projection to the cortex as well.