中文摘要：

自从 1980 年代的结束在世界的许多部分在庄稼物候学导致了清楚的回答，不同气候变化。这研究在关系在春天小麦物候学的日期调查了趋势为不同生长舞台意味着温度。它也在北中国(NC ) 在春天小麦的 phenological 事件 / 阶段上分析了气候变化，栽培变种移动，和播种日期调整的影响。结果证明重要变化由于在过去的 30 年里温暖的气候在 NC 发生在春天小麦物候学。明确地，开花期的朋友和春天小麦的成熟到 1.8 和 1.7 白天(10 年) 平均前进了 ¹ 。而且当植物的生长时期(VGP ) 至多弄短时车站，繁殖生长时期(RGP ) 在调查车站的一半稍微延长了。作为结果，春天小麦的整个生长时期(WGP ) 至多弄短车站。从模仿的农业生产系统模拟器(APSIM ) 小麦模型的调查结果为进一步建议的六个代表性的车站结果温度上升通常弄短在 NC 的春天小麦生长时期。尽管温暖的趋势弄短 VGP， RGP，和 WGP 的长度，到某程度，有高积累的温度要求的新栽培变种的移动减轻了并且适应了进行中的气候变化。而且，在播种的移动在春天小麦的物候学上标明日期施加的重要影响。通常，一个先进播种日期能在不同生长阶段期间在吝啬的温度降低上升(即， VGP， RGP，和 WGP ) 春天小麦。作为结果，生长阶段的长度应该被延长。两项措施(栽培变种移动和播种日期调整) 能是到温暖的气候的春天小麦的重要改编策略，与以生产率的潜在地有益的效果。

英文摘要：

Distinct climate changes since the end of the 1980s have led to clear responses in crop phenology in many parts of the world. This study investigated the trends in the dates of spring wheat phenology in relation to mean temperature for different growth stages. It also analyzed the impacts of climate change, cultivar shift, and sowing date adjustments on phenological events/phases of spring wheat in northern China （NC）. The results showed that significant changes have occurred in spring wheat phenology in NC due to climate warming in the past 30 years. Specifically, the dates of anthesis and maturity of spring wheat advanced on average by 1.8 and 1.7 day （10 yr）-1. Moreover, while the vegetative growth period （VGP） shortened at most stations, the reproductive growth period （RGP） prolonged slightly at half of the investigated stations. As a result, the whole growth period （WGP） of spring wheat shortened at most stations. The findings from the Agricultural Production Systems Simulator （APSIM）-Wheat model simulated results for six representative stations further suggested that temperature rise generally shortened the spring wheat growth period in NC. Although the warming trend shortened the lengths of VGP, RGP, and WGP, the shift of new cultivars with high accumulated temperature requirements, to some extent, mitigated and adapted to the ongoing climate change. Furthermore, shifts in sowing date exerted significant impacts on the phenology of spring wheat. Generally, an advanced sowing date was able to lower the rise in mean temperature during the different growth stages （i.e., VGP, RGP, and WGP） of spring wheat. As a result, the lengths of the growth stages should be prolonged. Both measures （cultivar shift and sowing date adjustments） could be vital adaptation strategies of spring wheat to a warming climate, with potentially beneficial effects in terms of productivity.