中文摘要：

在经济新常态背景下，中国经济增速正在下滑，土地价格却依然上涨迅速，并成为制约中国制造业出口的重要因素。本文使用世界银行对中国120座城市12400家制造业企业所做的营商环境抽样调查数据，考察了用地成本对企业出口行为的影响及其作用机制。研究表明，用地成本的确削弱了中国制造业在国际市场上的出口竞争力：较高的土地支出不仅降低了企业出口的可能性，还抑制了企业的出口规模。进一步估计显示，不同类型的企业存在差异：相比高效率的企业，用地成本对低效率企业的出口行为影响更大：相比其他类型企业，用地成本对国有企业出口行为影响较小。影响机制检验表明，企业生产率和融资约束是用地成本影响企业出口的可能渠道。本文采用Tobit模型并结合Heckman两阶段模型纠正了样本的选择性偏差，以及使用工具变量估计和面板固定效应估计克服了模型中潜在的内生性问题。本文的研究具有重要的政策含义，增加土地的市场供应量、抑制土地投机性需求以及倡导企业用地成本支付方式的多元化，有利于降低企业的用地成本，提升中国制造业出口竞争力。

英文摘要：

In the background of new normal economy, China＇s economic growth is declining. Land cost is still rising rapidly and becomes an important factor restricting China＇s manufacturing export. This paper investigates the relationship between land cost and firm＇s export with the business environment survey data of World Bank with regard to 12,400 Chinese manufacturing enterprises in 120 cities. This study shows that land cost actually worsens the export competitiveness of China＇s manufacturing industry in international market： land expenditures not only reduces the possibility of firm＇s export, but also inhibits the size of firm＇s export. Further research shows there are some differences between different types of enterprises. Compared with the high productivity firms, this conclusion is more significant in low productivity enterprises, and this conclusion is less significant in state-owned enterprises. The mechanism analysis shows that productivity and financing constraints are the potential channels through which land cost effects export. This paper combines with the Tobit model and Heckman model to correct sample selection bias, and uses instrnmental variables and fixed-effect model to overcome latent problem of endogeneity. The research of this paper has important policy implications, increasing the supply of land, restraining the speculative demand of land and promoting the payment diversification of land cost, which is beneficial to reduce the land cost and improve Chinese manufacturing export competitiveness.