中文摘要：

稻田生态系统碳循环是我国陆地生态系统碳循环的重要组成部分,微生物驱动的稻田土壤碳循环（输入、分配、稳定等过程）的生物地球化学过程是土壤碳循环过程研究的核心。目前,对稻田土壤碳循环过程及其机制的认识缺乏基于生态化学计量学层面的研究。因此,系统解析耦合化学—生物—环境要素的稻田土壤碳循环的关键过程是深入研究当前面临的诸多土壤生物化学问题（如土壤碳循环与土壤肥力、温室气体减排等）的科学瓶颈。在综合分析计量学的基本内涵与土壤计量学发展需求的基础上,论述了稻田土壤有明显区别于其他土壤类型的土壤发生学和生物化学特点,重点评述了稻田土壤碳循环的3个主要过程的研究进展,包括：1稻田土壤新鲜有机质转化、矿化的关键微生物过程计量;2典型水稻土CH4产生的关键微生物过程计量;3典型水稻土微生物CO2光合同化功能的计量。在此基础上,探讨了土壤生物化学过程统计学和数学模型在土壤计量学研究中的应用,并提出了稻田土壤碳循环关键微生物过程的计量学特征研究的发展趋势和科学问题展望。期望能够通过这些探讨对推动我国该研究领域的基础理论建设和新技术发展有所贡献。

英文摘要：

The paddy field ecosystem carbon cycle is a significant part of the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle in China. The organic carbon cycle in paddy soil（ including processes such as input,allocation,and stabilization）is driven by biochemical processes that are dominated by microbes,and is the core of soil carbon cycle research.Current studies on paddy soil carbon cycle processes and their mechanisms lack metrology-level research based on the basic theories of chemistry,biology,and ecology. Therefore,systematic and quantitative analysis of the key processes in the paddy soil carbon cycle,which includes chemical-biological-environmental elements,deal with the bottleneck for the comprehensive evaluation of the carbon-sink-adding / emission-reduction effects of paddy fields,as well as the in-depth study of the current problems of soil biochemistry（ such as the soil carbon cycle and soil fertility and greenhouse gas emissions）. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the basic connotation of metrology and the development demands of soil metrology. This paper describes how paddy soil has an obvious discriminative soil genesis and biochemical characteristics that differ from other soil types. The paper mainly focuses on three processes of the paddy soil carbon cycle：（ 1measurements of key microbial processes involved in fresh organic matter transformation and mineralization in paddy soil,2measurements of key microbial processes involved in CH4 generation in typical paddy soil,and 3measurements of microbial CO2 photosynthesis and assimilation functions in typical paddy soil. Based on these measurements,we discuss the application of statistical and mathematical models of soil biochemical processes to soil metrology research and put forward the metrological development trend and the prospects of scientific issues in the research on the metrological characteristics of key microbial biological processes in the paddy soil carbon cycle. It is hoped that these discussions will promote the construction of basic theories