中文摘要：

【目的】研究超高产条件下棉花的光合生产特征,总结超高产形成规律,提出超高产的产量结构和光合生理指标,对挖掘品种产量潜力,构建超高产栽培技术体系具有重要意义。【方法】以杂交棉标杂A1为研究对象,采取定向培育超高产试验示范田,以一般产量水平条件下常规棉品种（系）为对照,研究超高产条件下标杂A1产量形成过程中叶面积指数、叶绿素相对含量（SPAD值）、光合速率和光合物质积累与分配等变化。【结果】与常规高产棉田相比,标杂A1皮棉单产达到3500kg·hm-2时,叶面积指数高且持续期长,叶绿素SPAD值、单叶光合速率在盛铃期至初絮期显著高于对照;群体光合速率峰值高且持续时间长,群体呼吸速率占群体总光合的比例在生育中后期保持在较低水平,初絮期显著低于常规高产棉田;营养器官光合物质积累直线增长期起始时间早、积累持续时间长、物质积累量大,群体总光合物质和生殖器官光合物质积累直线增长期及积累速率峰值出现较晚,积累活跃期较长,物质积累强度大。【结论】杂交棉标杂A1皮棉单产达到3500kg·hm-2的产量结构和生育期主要光合生理指标：总铃数每公顷应大于150万个,单铃重大于5.5g,衣分不低于44%;叶面积指数在盛铃前期应达4.9～5.2,初絮期应维持在3.3以上;叶绿素SPAD值在盛铃期达到65.4～66.5,初絮期仍在64.8以上;单叶光合速率在盛蕾期至盛铃期保持在32.2～36.5μmol·m^-2·s^-1,初絮期应高于22.2μmol·m^-2·s^-1;群体光合速率盛铃前期达43.4μmol·m^-2·s^-1,初絮期在16.3μmol·m^-2·s^-1以上;总光合物质积累量达26345.4kg·hm^-2,经济系数不低于31%。

英文摘要：

[ Objective ] To explore photosynthesis characteristics, summarize the principle of yield formation, and propose yield components and photosynthetic physiological indexes, experiments were conducted with super-high-yield cotton in field. It was of great significance to excavate yield potential and construct super-high-yield cultivation technique system. [Method] One hybrid cotton cultivar Biaoza A1 and four traditional cultivars including Xinluzao 13, Xinluzao 26, Wanshi 217 and Wanshi 315 were selected as the experimental materials. Leaf area index, chlorophyll SPAD value, photosynthetic rate, photosynthate accumulation and distribution were measured at different growth stages. [ Result] Compared to high yield traditional cultivar, super-high-yield hybrid cultivar （lint 3 500 kg.hm^-2） had higher leaf area index, chlorophyll SPAD value and photosynthetic rate, all of which had longer duration during growth stage. Furthermore, the ratio of canopy respiration rate to total canopy apparent photosynthesis rate which maintained at a low level at the middle and late growth stage, was significantly lower than that of high yield traditional cultivar especially at early boll opening stage. Biaoza A1 had longer and earlier linear increase stage of vegetative organs photosynthate accumulation, which led to greater photosynthate accumulation. However, the linear increase stage of reproductive organs and total photosynthate accumulation and the peak of accumulation appeared comparatively later than those of high yield traditional cultivar. [ Conclusion ] The indexes of yield components and photosynthetic physiology of super-high-yield Biaoza A1 （lint 3 500 kg.hm^-2） were proposed, i.e., total number of bolls 〉 150×10^4.hm^-2, boll weight 〉 5.5 g, lint percentage 〉 44%; leaf area index at early full bolling stage 4.9-5.2, at early boll opening stage above 3.3; chlorophyll SPAD value at full bolling stage 65.4-66.5, at early boll opening stage above 64.8; net photosynthetic rate at flowering and boll forming st