中文摘要：

该文研究均匀直线阵幅度和相位误差校正问题。首先分析了估计协方差矩阵各对角线元素扰动量的统计特性，同时给出了不同对角线上幅度和相位扰动量的统计方差的显式表达式。分析结果表明，相同对角线上，不同元素的幅度和相位具有相同分布，而不同对角线上，幅度和相位扰动量的方差不同。基于此结果，分析了一类基于Toeplitz结构幅度和相位误差的校正方法，说明基于主对角线的幅度误差校正方法和基于第一上对角线的相位误差校正方法分别是幅度和相位误差的最优校正方法。计算机结果验证了本文分析的正确性。

英文摘要：

The gain and phase error calibration for Linear Equi-spaced Arrays （LEA） is considered in this paper. The analysis of the covariance matrix perturbation along different diagonal lines due to finite snapshot is first considered, and an apparent formula for the variance of the gain and phase perturbations along different diagonal lines is derived. This result reveals that the statistics analyses of the perturbation along different diagonal lines are different. Based on this analytic result, it is found out that the optimal gain and phase error calibration methods are respectively based on main diagonal line and the first upper diagonal line. Computer simulation results verified the analyses.