中文摘要：

生产并且测量 atto- 和飞米第二软 X 光检查脉搏的方法被报导。高顺序的泛音产生(HHG ) 的激光阶段关系及时显示出二不同放射精力分布(或激光阶段) 领域。这些精力阶段关系对认识到 HHG 的动态过程有用。二个介绍 parameterized 公式能被用来与脉搏的带宽计算精力分布的持续时间。Theseformulas 在有媒介的精明、模仿的脉搏运输和相互作用是有用的。atto- 和飞米第二软 X 光检查脉搏的时间结构能直接与光电子光谱转移方程被测量，没有任何以前的脉搏形状和即时频率假设，相关激光分阶段执行决心方法。这些方程和方法能被用来评估并且改善超短波的 X 光检查来源的技术参数。Theyhave 宽测量范围和高时间分辨率，它可以启用极端快的大小岩山各度量衡学的精确，并且在物理导致科学研究的新潮，化学，生物化学，等等。atto 的申请 -- 并且在大小的飞米第二 X 光以及理论、技术的问题简短被讨论。

英文摘要：

The ways to produce and measure atto- and femtosecond soft X-ray pulses are reported. The laser phase relation of high-order harmonic generation （HHG） shows two different radiation energy distributions in time （or laser phase） domain. These energy-phase relations are helpful for realizing the dynamic processes of HHGL Two presented parameterized formulas can be used to calculate the durations of the energy distributions with a bandwidth of the pulse. These formulas are useful in calculating and simulating pulses transports and interactions with mediums. The time structures of atto- and femtosecond soft X-ray pulses can be directly measured with photoelectron spectrum transfer equations and the related laser phase determination methods without any previous pulse shape and the instantaneous frequency assumptions. These equations and methods can be used to evaluate and improve the technical parameters of the ultra-short X-ray sources. They have wide measurement ranges and high time resolutions, which may enable ultra-fast measurements to reach metrological precisions, and lead to a new tide of scientific researches in physics, chemistry, biochemistry, etc. The application of attoand femtosecond X-rays as well as the theoretical and technical problems in measurements are briefly discussed.